Analysis of the potential resource, environmental and economic impacts of EU battery and waste battery regulations on China's lithium-ion battery industry

IF 11.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Resources Conservation and Recycling Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI:10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108314

Min Liu, Wei Liu, Mingyue Zhang, Xin Pan, Qian Zhang, Mingxue Zhang, Tengyun Ma, Zhaojie Cui

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Abstract

Meeting the EU's recycled content (RC) targets and carbon footprint (CF) thresholds poses a significant challenge for China, yet limited research has addressed this issue. This study quantifies the impacts of these requirements on China's lithium-ion battery (LIB) industry from resource, environmental, and economic perspectives. Under the Export-Oriented Priority Allocation strategy, China can meet the RC targets effectively. Due to varying levels of grid decarbonization, the ranking of LIB CFs across different countries is: EU < US < South Korea < Japan < China, putting China at high risk of EU market exclusion. By signing Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) worth $78.0 million, China could align its LIB CFs with those of South Korea and Japan. If China's official electricity CF were recognized by the EU, this cost would decrease to $50.5 million. China must accelerate mutual recognition of electricity CFs or explore direct green power supply to mitigate export risks.

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实现欧盟的回收含量（RC）目标和碳足迹（CF）阈值对中国来说是一项重大挑战，但针对这一问题的研究却十分有限。本研究从资源、环境和经济角度量化了这些要求对中国锂离子电池（LIB）产业的影响。在出口导向型优先分配战略下，中国可有效实现锂离子电池目标。由于各国电网去碳化的程度不同，锂离子电池 CF 在各国的排名为欧盟 < 美国 < 韩国 < 日本 < 中国，使中国面临欧盟市场排斥的高风险。通过签署价值 7800 万美元的购电协议 (PPA)，中国可将其 LIB CF 与韩国和日本看齐。如果欧盟承认中国的官方电力合同，这一成本将降至 5050 万美元。中国必须加快电力 CF 互认或探索直接绿色电力供应，以降低出口风险。

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来源期刊

Resources Conservation and Recycling 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

22.90

自引率

6.10%

发文量

625

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： The journal Resources, Conservation & Recycling welcomes contributions from research, which consider sustainable management and conservation of resources. The journal prioritizes understanding the transformation processes crucial for transitioning toward more sustainable production and consumption systems. It highlights technological, economic, institutional, and policy aspects related to specific resource management practices such as conservation, recycling, and resource substitution, as well as broader strategies like improving resource productivity and restructuring production and consumption patterns. Contributions may address regional, national, or international scales and can range from individual resources or technologies to entire sectors or systems. Authors are encouraged to explore scientific and methodological issues alongside practical, environmental, and economic implications. However, manuscripts focusing solely on laboratory experiments without discussing their broader implications will not be considered for publication in the journal.