Single Atom and Nanocluster Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Peroxide Synthesis under Visible Light

Abstract

The utilization of single-atom and nanocluster catalysis in various chemical processing industries and applications is well-established. Their monodispersity and well-defined arrangement facilitate their interrogation of the fundamental physical properties necessary for the significant application in structural composites, electrical devices and catalytic chemical reactions, particularly in high-temperature environments. Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) stands out as a highly effective oxidizing agent, distinguished by its environmentally benign nature, as it yields only water as a byproduct postredox process. Their versatility of H₂O₂ spans diverse fields including pulp and paper bleaching, disinfection, detergent formulation, chemical synthesis, textile manufacturing and electronic production. This paper aims to elucidate recent advancements in engineering single-atoms and nanocluster-based photocatalysts, emphasizing their evolving structural modification strategies, catalytic mechanisms, synthesis methodologies and the mechanisms underlying H₂O₂ production. Furthermore, this review underscores the potential future application of these catalysts in environmental treatment, particularly in the context of H₂O₂ production. By focusing on the functionality and efficacy of employing SACs for H₂O₂ production, this study aims to inform the development of future implementations to mitigate environmental impacts. Consequently, these materials emerge as promising candidates for environmentally friendly applications including refined fuel production and associated environmental treatment processes.