Carica papaya seed− derived functionalized biochar: an environmentally friendly and efficient alternative for dye adsorption

IF 2.8 4区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI:10.1007/s10854-025-14725-y

Francisco J. Cano, Rocío Sánchez−Albores, A. Ashok, J. Escorcia−García, A. Cruz−Salomón, Odín Reyes−Vallejo, P. J. Sebastian, S. Velumani

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Biochar is emerging as a sustainable material for addressing critical environmental challenges, including water pollution and carbon sequestration. In this study, biochar derived from papaya seed biomass via slow pyrolysis was investigated for its efficacy in removing organic dyes from aqueous solutions. Both biochar and chemically functionalized biochar were comprehensively characterized using XRD, FTIR, XPS, BET surface area analysis, and SEM/EDS to elucidate their structural, morphological, and surface properties. The adsorption performance was assessed using methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (RhB), malachite green (MG), and methyl orange (MO) as model contaminants, with particular attention to adsorption kinetics and equilibrium behavior. The unmodified biochar exhibited moderate adsorption capacities, primarily driven by π − π interactions and a limited number of functional groups, achieving removal efficiencies of 55.5, 97.8, and 12.9% for MB, MG, and RhB, respectively, while MO showed negligible adsorption. Remarkably, chemical functionalization with KMnO₄ significantly enhanced biochar performance, increasing surface area and functional group diversity. This modification enabled the complete removal (100%) of MB and MG within six minutes, alongside substantial improvements for RhB and MO, achieving 100 and 88% removal, respectively. Adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo‒second‒order model (R² > 0.99), indicating chemisorption as the dominant mechanism, while Langmuir isotherms (R² = 0.993 − 0.999) suggested monolayer adsorption. Additionally, the intraparticle diffusion model highlighted the synergistic contributions of surface interactions and pore diffusion to overall adsorption efficiency. These findings establish chemically functionalized papaya seed biochar as a highly efficient, low‒cost adsorbent for dye removal, underscoring its potential for environmental remediation. The innovative utilization of papaya seed biomass not only adds value to agricultural waste but also advances sustainable water treatment strategies, reinforcing its significance in environmental science and engineering.

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番木瓜籽衍生的功能化生物炭：一种环保高效的染料吸附替代品

生物炭正在成为解决关键环境挑战的可持续材料，包括水污染和碳封存。本研究以木瓜种子生物质为原料，通过慢速热解制备生物炭，研究其去除水溶液中有机染料的效果。采用XRD、FTIR、XPS、BET表面积分析、SEM/EDS等手段对生物炭和化学官能化生物炭进行了综合表征，以阐明其结构、形态和表面性质。以亚甲基蓝（MB）、罗丹明B （RhB）、孔雀石绿（MG）和甲基橙（MO）为模型污染物，考察其吸附动力学和平衡行为。未经改性的生物炭表现出中等的吸附能力，主要受π−π相互作用和有限数量的官能团的驱动，对MB、MG和RhB的去除效率分别为55.5%、97.8和12.9%，而MO的吸附作用可以忽略。值得一提的是，用硫酸钾进行化学官能团化可以显著提高生物炭的性能，增加表面积和官能团的多样性。这种改进使得MB和MG在6分钟内完全去除（100%），同时RhB和MO的去除率也有了很大的提高，分别达到了100%和88%。吸附动力学符合拟二阶模型（R2 > 0.99），表明化学吸附是主要吸附机理，而Langmuir等温线（R2 = 0.993 ~ 0.999）表明单层吸附。此外，颗粒内扩散模型强调了表面相互作用和孔隙扩散对整体吸附效率的协同贡献。这些发现证实了化学功能化的木瓜种子生物炭是一种高效、低成本的染料去除吸附剂，强调了其在环境修复方面的潜力。木瓜种子生物质的创新利用不仅增加了农业废弃物的价值，而且推进了可持续水处理策略，增强了其在环境科学与工程中的意义。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

5.00

自引率

7.10%

发文量

1931

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics is an established refereed companion to the Journal of Materials Science. It publishes papers on materials and their applications in modern electronics, covering the ground between fundamental science, such as semiconductor physics, and work concerned specifically with applications. It explores the growth and preparation of new materials, as well as their processing, fabrication, bonding and encapsulation, together with the reliability, failure analysis, quality assurance and characterization related to the whole range of applications in electronics. The Journal presents papers in newly developing fields such as low dimensional structures and devices, optoelectronics including III-V compounds, glasses and linear/non-linear crystal materials and lasers, high Tc superconductors, conducting polymers, thick film materials and new contact technologies, as well as the established electronics device and circuit materials.