Fabrication and characterization of robust glassy carbon monoliths via sol-gel process followed by direct ambient drying and carbonization

IF 2.3 4区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-03-02 DOI:10.1007/s10971-025-06709-5

Yong Yuan, Tingting Liu, Fanxing Bu, Xiao Huang, Hongjie Luo

{"title":"Fabrication and characterization of robust glassy carbon monoliths via sol-gel process followed by direct ambient drying and carbonization","authors":"Yong Yuan, Tingting Liu, Fanxing Bu, Xiao Huang, Hongjie Luo","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06709-5","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Glassy carbon monoliths (GCMs) are one of the most attractive carbon materials presently, while their applications are limited by their fussy fabrication processes and relatively poor mechanical properties. Herein, we report a facile fabrication method of high-strength crack-free GCMs using furfuryl alcohol via sol-gel process and direct drying at ambient conditions followed by carbonization. The in-situ volume shrinkage results reveal that volume shrinkage and mass loss show similar trends during the whole carbonization process and the percentage of volume shrinkage is always higher than that of mass loss, so that highly densified nonporous carbon monoliths instead of normally porous materials are acquired. Our results indicate that the kinetics of the sol formation plays a vital role in controlling the evolution process, mechanical properties, and microstructure of the carbon monoliths. By tuning the kinetics of the sol formation, GCMs of compressive strength ranging in 12.4–41.5 MPa can be prepared. HRTEM images show that nanoscale graphite dispersed in GCMs can be formed at a very low carbonization temperature, whose quantity and morphology are strongly affected by sol reaction time.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"114 2","pages":"559 - 570"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10971-025-06709-5","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Glassy carbon monoliths (GCMs) are one of the most attractive carbon materials presently, while their applications are limited by their fussy fabrication processes and relatively poor mechanical properties. Herein, we report a facile fabrication method of high-strength crack-free GCMs using furfuryl alcohol via sol-gel process and direct drying at ambient conditions followed by carbonization. The in-situ volume shrinkage results reveal that volume shrinkage and mass loss show similar trends during the whole carbonization process and the percentage of volume shrinkage is always higher than that of mass loss, so that highly densified nonporous carbon monoliths instead of normally porous materials are acquired. Our results indicate that the kinetics of the sol formation plays a vital role in controlling the evolution process, mechanical properties, and microstructure of the carbon monoliths. By tuning the kinetics of the sol formation, GCMs of compressive strength ranging in 12.4–41.5 MPa can be prepared. HRTEM images show that nanoscale graphite dispersed in GCMs can be formed at a very low carbonization temperature, whose quantity and morphology are strongly affected by sol reaction time.

Graphical Abstract

查看原文本刊更多论文

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 工程技术-材料科学：硅酸盐

CiteScore

4.70

自引率

4.00%

发文量

280

审稿时长

2.1 months

期刊介绍： The primary objective of the Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology (JSST), the official journal of the International Sol-Gel Society, is to provide an international forum for the dissemination of scientific, technological, and general knowledge about materials processed by chemical nanotechnologies known as the "sol-gel" process. The materials of interest include gels, gel-derived glasses, ceramics in form of nano- and micro-powders, bulk, fibres, thin films and coatings as well as more recent materials such as hybrid organic-inorganic materials and composites. Such materials exhibit a wide range of optical, electronic, magnetic, chemical, environmental, and biomedical properties and functionalities. Methods for producing sol-gel-derived materials and the industrial uses of these materials are also of great interest.