Soaked Activated Coke Waste Ameliorates Saline-Alkali Soils via Selective Salt Ion Adsorption and Enhances Maize Growth

IF 3.8 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI:10.1007/s11270-025-07977-1

Yuan Fan, Haichao Wang, Yanxia Guo, Yichun Du, Zhonghe Zhao

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Abstract

Activated coke waste (ACW), a byproduct of industrial desulfurization and denitrification, consists of fine particles (< 1 mm) with a porous structure, high specific surface area, and pH ~ 5, rendering it a candidate for saline-alkali soil remediation. However, its inherent excess salts and contaminants restrict direct agricultural application. In this study, ACW was treated with a dilute nitric acid solution to remove excess salts and contaminants, yielding the soaked activated coke waste (SACW) sample. The research systematically examined the adsorption properties and mechanisms of SACW for salt ion removal by solution experiment. Additionally, soil cultivation experiments were conducted to evaluate its potential in improving plant growth within saline-alkali soils. Compared to raw ACW, SACW exhibited reduced pH and electrical conductivity (EC), elevated oxygen-to-carbon (O/C) ratio, and expanded pore volume. SACW displayed ion adsorption selectivity in the order of SO₄²⁻ > Na⁺ > Cl⁻. Isothermal adsorption analysis revealed that Na⁺ and Cl⁻ adsorption aligned with the Langmuir model, whereas SO₄²⁻ adsorption adhered to the Freundlich model. Application of SACW (≥ 10 g kg⁻¹) effectively improved saline-alkali soil properties by lowering pH and salinity, enhancing soil aggregate stability, and promoting nutrient utilization efficiency. Notably, SACW-treated soils supported maize plants with significantly increased height and biomass (13.94% and 159.28% higher, respectively; P ≤ 0.05) compared to untreated controls. These benefits stemmed from improved nutrient availability and reduced salt stress-induced plasma membrane damage. These findings validate SACW as a sustainable, functional amendment for reclaiming saline-alkali ecosystems and boosting crop productivity.

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活化焦炭渣浸渍通过选择性吸附盐离子改善盐碱地，促进玉米生长

活性焦渣（ACW）是工业脱硫脱硝的副产物，由细颗粒(<；1毫米)，具有多孔结构，高比表面积，pH ~ 5，使其成为盐碱土壤修复的候选材料。然而，其固有的过量盐分和污染物限制了其直接农业应用。在本研究中，ACW用稀硝酸溶液处理，去除多余的盐和污染物，得到浸渍的活性焦炭废料（SACW）样品。通过溶液实验系统考察了SACW对盐离子的吸附性能和机理。此外，还进行了土壤栽培试验，评价其在盐碱土壤中促进植物生长的潜力。与原始ACW相比，SACW的pH值和电导率（EC）降低，氧碳比（O/C）升高，孔隙体积扩大。SACW表现出SO₄2⁻>； Na⁺>； Cl⁻的选择性。等温吸附分析表明，Na⁺和Cl⁻吸附符合Langmuir模型，而SO₄2⁻吸附符合Freundlich模型。施用SACW（≥10 g kg - 1）能有效改善盐碱地的性质，降低pH和盐度，增强土壤团聚体稳定性，提高养分利用效率。值得注意的是，sacw处理的土壤支持玉米植株的高度和生物量显著增加（分别增加13.94%和159.28%）；P≤0.05)。这些好处源于提高了养分利用率，减少了盐胁迫引起的质膜损伤。这些发现证实了SACW是一种可持续的、功能性的修复盐碱生态系统和提高作物生产力的方法。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

6.90%

发文量

448

审稿时长

2.6 months

期刊介绍： Water, Air, & Soil Pollution is an international, interdisciplinary journal on all aspects of pollution and solutions to pollution in the biosphere. This includes chemical, physical and biological processes affecting flora, fauna, water, air and soil in relation to environmental pollution. Because of its scope, the subject areas are diverse and include all aspects of pollution sources, transport, deposition, accumulation, acid precipitation, atmospheric pollution, metals, aquatic pollution including marine pollution and ground water, waste water, pesticides, soil pollution, sewage, sediment pollution, forestry pollution, effects of pollutants on humans, vegetation, fish, aquatic species, micro-organisms, and animals, environmental and molecular toxicology applied to pollution research, biosensors, global and climate change, ecological implications of pollution and pollution models. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution also publishes manuscripts on novel methods used in the study of environmental pollutants, environmental toxicology, environmental biology, novel environmental engineering related to pollution, biodiversity as influenced by pollution, novel environmental biotechnology as applied to pollution (e.g. bioremediation), environmental modelling and biorestoration of polluted environments. Articles should not be submitted that are of local interest only and do not advance international knowledge in environmental pollution and solutions to pollution. Articles that simply replicate known knowledge or techniques while researching a local pollution problem will normally be rejected without review. Submitted articles must have up-to-date references, employ the correct experimental replication and statistical analysis, where needed and contain a significant contribution to new knowledge. The publishing and editorial team sincerely appreciate your cooperation. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution publishes research papers; review articles; mini-reviews; and book reviews.