Eco-friendly synthesis and multifunctional applications of Ba2ZnGe2O7:Bi3+ phosphors for advanced radiation dosimetry and high-performance w-LEDs

IF 5.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Research Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI:10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113474

I.S. Pruthviraj , B.R. Radha Krushna , S.C. Sharma , S.S. Mohapatra , R. Jayanthi , Vimala Ananthy , K. Manjunatha , Sheng Yun Wu , H. Nagabhushana

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Abstract

A series of Ba₂ZnGe₂O₇ (BZGO) phosphors, both undoped and doped with Bi³⁺ (1–11 mol %), were successfully synthesized via an eco-friendly solution combustion method using Spinach leaf extract (S.E.) as a natural fuel. The influence of varying Bi³⁺ concentrations on the thermoluminescence (TL) and photoluminescence (PL) properties was systematically examined to develop advanced dosimetric materials outperforming commercial alternatives. TL glow curve analysis of gamma (γ)-irradiated BZGO:Bi³⁺ phosphors revealed two prominent peaks, with the highest intensity observed for BZGO:7 %Bi³⁺. Further investigation of TL behavior across a wide γ-ray dose range (0.01–500 Gy) identified distinct glow peaks at approximately 153 °C and 243 °C. A linear increase in TL intensity over the range of 0.01–500 Gy demonstrates the materials exceptional potential for accurate dose measurements. Additionally, the Initial Rise (IR) method identified three distinct trap levels within the bandgap in the low-temperature region, further elucidating the material's trapping dynamics. Advanced glow curve deconvolution using the Computerized Glow Curve Deconvolution (CGCD) method revealed a multi-peak structure, offering detailed insights into the luminescent mechanisms. PL analysis showcased a strong excitation band spanning 250–500 nm, making these phosphors well-suited for ultra-violet light emitting diodes (UV-LED) excitation. Under 323 nm excitation, BZGO:Bi³⁺ phosphors exhibited an intense blue emission at 448 nm, attributed to the ³P₁ → ¹S₀ transition of Bi³⁺ ions. The phosphors demonstrated an impressive internal quantum efficiency (I_QE) of 82.34 % and an activation energy (E_a) of 0.3844 eV, alongside remarkable thermal stability, retaining 88.20 % of their luminescence intensity at 420 K. To validate their practical utility, the phosphors were integrated into white light-emitting diodes (w-LEDs), achieving CIE chromaticity coordinates of (0.3376, 0.3239), a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 5360 K, and an excellent color rendering index (CRI) of 92. These results highlight the superior performance of BZGO:Bi³⁺ phosphors, positioning them as outstanding candidates for both precise dosimetry and energy-efficient lighting applications due to their exceptional efficiency, stability, and multifunctional capabilities.

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Ba2ZnGe2O7:Bi3+荧光粉的环保合成和多功能应用，用于先进的辐射剂量测定和高性能w- led

以菠菜叶提取物（S.E.）为天然燃料，采用环保溶液燃烧法制备了Bi3+ (1-11 mol %)掺杂和未掺杂的Ba2ZnGe2O7 （BZGO）荧光粉。系统地研究了不同Bi3+浓度对热致发光（TL）和光致发光（PL）性能的影响，以开发优于商业替代品的先进剂量学材料。γ (γ)-辐照BZGO:Bi3+荧光粉的发光曲线分析显示出两个突出的峰，其中BZGO: 7% Bi3+的发光强度最高。进一步研究了宽γ射线剂量范围（0.01-500 Gy）的TL行为，在大约153°C和243°C处发现了明显的发光峰。在0.01-500 Gy的范围内，TL强度呈线性增长，表明该材料具有精确剂量测量的特殊潜力。此外，初始上升（IR）方法在低温区域的带隙内确定了三个不同的陷阱水平，进一步阐明了材料的陷阱动力学。采用计算机化辉光曲线反褶积（CGCD）方法的高级辉光曲线反褶积揭示了多峰结构，为发光机制提供了详细的见解。PL分析显示，这些荧光粉具有250-500 nm的强激发带，非常适合于紫外线发光二极管（UV-LED）的激发。在323 nm激发下，BZGO:Bi3+荧光粉在448 nm处表现出强烈的蓝色发射，这归因于Bi3+离子的3P1→1so0跃迁。该荧光粉具有82.34%的内量子效率（IQE）和0.3844 eV的活化能（Ea），以及出色的热稳定性，在420 K时保持了88.20%的发光强度。为了验证其实用性，将荧光粉集成到白光发光二极管（w- led）中，实现CIE色度坐标（0.3376,0.3239），相关色温（CCT）为5360 K，显色指数（CRI）为92。这些结果突出了BZGO:Bi3+荧光粉的卓越性能，由于其卓越的效率，稳定性和多功能能力，使其成为精确剂量测定和节能照明应用的杰出候选者。

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来源期刊

Materials Research Bulletin 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

9.80

自引率

5.60%

发文量

372

审稿时长

42 days

期刊介绍： Materials Research Bulletin is an international journal reporting high-impact research on processing-structure-property relationships in functional materials and nanomaterials with interesting electronic, magnetic, optical, thermal, mechanical or catalytic properties. Papers purely on thermodynamics or theoretical calculations (e.g., density functional theory) do not fall within the scope of the journal unless they also demonstrate a clear link to physical properties. Topics covered include functional materials (e.g., dielectrics, pyroelectrics, piezoelectrics, ferroelectrics, relaxors, thermoelectrics, etc.); electrochemistry and solid-state ionics (e.g., photovoltaics, batteries, sensors, and fuel cells); nanomaterials, graphene, and nanocomposites; luminescence and photocatalysis; crystal-structure and defect-structure analysis; novel electronics; non-crystalline solids; flexible electronics; protein-material interactions; and polymeric ion-exchange membranes.