Design optimization and performance enhancement of electroosmotic pumps for tactile applications using Taguchi-based methodology

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI:10.1016/j.sna.2025.116568

Hsu-Feng Chang, Shyang-Jye Chang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

With the rapid development of Extended Reality (XR) technology, haptic feedback systems play a crucial role in human-machine interfaces. However, traditional haptic feedback devices face challenges of excessive weight and high energy consumption due to actuator size limitations. This research applies the Taguchi method to optimize the electrode geometric structure of Electrode-embedded Electroosmotic Pumps (EEOPs) to enhance haptic feedback performance. Through systematic investigation of key geometric parameters including conductor circle diameter, hole diameter, hole pitch, and grid line spacing, optimal design criteria for EEOPs were established. Experimental results demonstrated that the optimized design achieved a flow rate of 96.67 μL/5 s. Temporal analysis revealed two distinct operational phases: an initial phase (0–800ms) with flow velocity reaching 0.25 μL/ms, and a stable phase (800–2000ms) maintaining 0.14 μL/ms. Compared to previous designs, the optimized EEOPs showed 188 % flow rate improvement in the initial phase and 73–79 % enhancement in the stable phase. The study established an optimal hole-to-conductive area ratio range of 19.35–32.857 %. Additionally, standardized manufacturing processes and modular control systems were developed to ensure experimental repeatability and system stability. The research findings provide comprehensive design guidelines for high-performance EEOPs in haptic feedback applications and establish foundations for future multi-channel haptic feedback system development.

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来源期刊

Sensors and Actuators A-physical 工程技术-工程：电子与电气

CiteScore

8.10

自引率

6.50%

发文量

630

审稿时长

49 days

期刊介绍： Sensors and Actuators A: Physical brings together multidisciplinary interests in one journal entirely devoted to disseminating information on all aspects of research and development of solid-state devices for transducing physical signals. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical regularly publishes original papers, letters to the Editors and from time to time invited review articles within the following device areas: • Fundamentals and Physics, such as: classification of effects, physical effects, measurement theory, modelling of sensors, measurement standards, measurement errors, units and constants, time and frequency measurement. Modeling papers should bring new modeling techniques to the field and be supported by experimental results. • Materials and their Processing, such as: piezoelectric materials, polymers, metal oxides, III-V and II-VI semiconductors, thick and thin films, optical glass fibres, amorphous, polycrystalline and monocrystalline silicon. • Optoelectronic sensors, such as: photovoltaic diodes, photoconductors, photodiodes, phototransistors, positron-sensitive photodetectors, optoisolators, photodiode arrays, charge-coupled devices, light-emitting diodes, injection lasers and liquid-crystal displays. • Mechanical sensors, such as: metallic, thin-film and semiconductor strain gauges, diffused silicon pressure sensors, silicon accelerometers, solid-state displacement transducers, piezo junction devices, piezoelectric field-effect transducers (PiFETs), tunnel-diode strain sensors, surface acoustic wave devices, silicon micromechanical switches, solid-state flow meters and electronic flow controllers. Etc...