Advances in Sampling and Analytical Techniques for Single-Cell Metabolomics: Exploring Cellular Heterogeneity

Abstract

Single-cell metabolomics is an emerging and powerful technology that uncovers intercellular heterogeneity and reveals microenvironmental dynamics in both physiological and pathological conditions. This technology enables detailed observations of cellular interactions, providing valuable insights into processes such as aging, immune responses, and disease development. Despite significant advances, the need for detailed discussions on sampling and analytical methods in single-cell metabolomics continues to grow, with increasing focus on selecting the most suitable techniques for diverse research objectives. This review addresses these challenges by exploring key sampling and analytical strategies used in single-cell metabolomics. We focus on three main approaches: the capture and isolation of specific cell types, the precise aspiration of individual cells, and in situ mass spectrometry imaging. These methods are critically assessed to highlight strategies for achieving accurate metabolite detection at the single-cell level across diverse research applications.