Impact of Metformin Therapy on Vitamin B12 Levels in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

IF 2.7 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Pub Date : 2025-04-14 DOI:10.1002/edm2.70049

Sahar H. Mahmoud, Fatma R. Elfargani, Nagwa Mohamed, Fiaza A. Alhamdi

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Abstract

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious health condition affecting people worldwide with a high prevalence rate. DM is classified according to its aetiology into type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); several risk factors contribute to the development of T2DM, such as age, genetic predisposition and obesity. Metformin is a proven drug of choice, and it is used as a first-line treatment for patients with T2DM to improve their glycaemic levels. Vitamin B12 is an important water-soluble vitamin, and its deficiency can lead to megaloblastic anaemia.

Material and Methods

A Cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted on patients with T2DM in a Sedi Hussein diabetic polyclinic in Benghazi, Libya. The total sample was 381 patients: T1DM 15 (n), and T2DM 366 (n). T1DM was excluded from our results. Patients with T2DM were divided into two groups: the control group (not on metformin) consisted of 71 patients, and the group that received metformin (M group) consisted of 295 patients.

Aims of the Study

To assess serum vitamin B12 levels in patients with T2DM and evaluate the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among those receiving metformin treatment.

Results

The M group significantly decreased vitamin B12 serum levels by 443.56 mg/mL versus the control group of 541.33 pg/mL (p = 0.003). The prevalence of patients with vitamin B12 deficiency under the metformin treatment was 23.84%. There was no significant difference in correlation between serum vitamin B12 levels and both doses of metformin and the duration of diabetes mellitus.

Conclusion

Vitamin B12 was significantly decreased in patients with T2DM receiving metformin.

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二甲双胍治疗对2型糖尿病患者维生素B12水平的影响

糖尿病（DM）是影响全世界人群的严重健康疾病，发病率很高。糖尿病根据病因分为1型糖尿病（T1DM）和2型糖尿病（T2DM）；一些危险因素有助于2型糖尿病的发展，如年龄、遗传易感性和肥胖。二甲双胍是一种经过验证的首选药物，它被用作T2DM患者的一线治疗，以改善他们的血糖水平。维生素B12是一种重要的水溶性维生素，缺乏它会导致巨幼细胞性贫血。材料与方法对利比亚班加西Sedi Hussein糖尿病综合诊所的2型糖尿病患者进行了横断面回顾性研究。总样本为381例患者：T1DM 15例(n)， T2DM 366例(n)。我们的结果排除了T1DM。T2DM患者分为两组：对照组（未使用二甲双胍）71例，接受二甲双胍治疗组（M组）295例。研究目的评估T2DM患者血清维生素B12水平，并评估接受二甲双胍治疗的患者中维生素B12缺乏症的患病率。结果M组血清维生素B12水平较对照组（541.33 pg/mL）显著降低443.56 mg/mL （p = 0.003）。二甲双胍治疗组维生素B12缺乏症发生率为23.84%。血清维生素B12水平与两种二甲双胍剂量和糖尿病病程之间的相关性无显著差异。结论2型糖尿病患者服用二甲双胍后维生素B12明显降低。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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