Phenotyping, genome-wide dissection, and prediction of maize root architecture for temperate adaptability

IF 23.7 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY
iMeta Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI:10.1002/imt2.70015
Weijun Guo, Fanhua Wang, Jianyue Lv, Jia Yu, Yue Wu, Hada Wuriyanghan, Liang Le, Li Pu
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Root System Architecture (RSA) plays an essential role in influencing maize yield by enhancing anchorage and nutrient uptake. Analyzing maize RSA dynamics holds potential for ideotype-based breeding and prediction, given the limited understanding of the genetic basis of RSA in maize. Here, we obtained 16 root morphology-related traits (R-traits), 7 weight-related traits (W-traits), and 108 slice-related microphenotypic traits (S-traits) from the meristem, elongation, and mature zones by cross-sectioning primary, crown, and lateral roots from 316 maize lines. Significant differences were observed in some root traits between tropical/subtropical and temperate lines, such as primary and total root diameters, root lengths, and root area. Additionally, root anatomy data were integrated with genome-wide association study (GWAS) to elucidate the genetic architecture of complex root traits. GWAS identified 809 genes associated with R-traits, 261 genes linked to W-traits, and 2577 key genes related to 108 slice-related traits. We confirm the function of a candidate gene, fucosyltransferase5 (FUT5), in regulating root development and heat tolerance in maize. The different FUT5 haplotypes found in tropical/subtropical and temperate lines are associated with primary root features and hold promising applications in molecular breeding. Furthermore, we performed machine learning prediction models of RSA using root slice traits, achieving high prediction accuracy. Collectively, our study offers a valuable tool for dissecting the genetic architecture of RSA, along with resources and predictive models beneficial for molecular design breeding and genetic enhancement.

Abstract Image

表型分析、全基因组解剖和玉米根系结构对温带适应性的预测
根系结构(RSA)通过增强锚固性和养分吸收对玉米产量起着至关重要的影响。鉴于对玉米根系结构遗传基础的了解有限,分析玉米根系结构动态为基于表意型的育种和预测提供了潜力。在此,我们通过对 316 个玉米品系的主根、冠根和侧根进行横切,从分生区、伸长区和成熟区获得了 16 个根系形态相关性状(R-性状)、7 个重量相关性状(W-性状)和 108 个切片相关微表型性状(S-性状)。热带/亚热带品系和温带品系的一些根系性状存在显著差异,如主根和总根直径、根长和根面积。此外,根系解剖数据还与全基因组关联研究(GWAS)相结合,以阐明复杂根系性状的遗传结构。全基因组关联研究发现了 809 个与 R 性状相关的基因、261 个与 W 性状相关的基因以及 2577 个与 108 个切片相关性状相关的关键基因。我们证实了候选基因岩藻糖基转移酶5(FUT5)在调控玉米根系发育和耐热性方面的功能。在热带/亚热带和温带品系中发现的不同 FUT5 单倍型与主根特征相关,在分子育种中具有广阔的应用前景。此外,我们利用根切片性状建立了 RSA 的机器学习预测模型,获得了较高的预测准确率。总之,我们的研究为剖析 RSA 的遗传结构提供了有价值的工具,并为分子设计育种和遗传改良提供了有益的资源和预测模型。
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CiteScore
10.80
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