{"title":"Ecotoxicological evaluation of nanosized particles with emerging contaminants and their impact assessment in the aquatic environment: a review","authors":"Suji S., Harikrishnan M., Vickram A. S., Nibedita Dey, Saranya Vinayagam, Thanigaivel S., Chinnaperumal Kamaraj, Lalitha Gnanasekaran, Kavita Goyal, Haider Ali, Gaurav Gupta, Md Sadique Hussain, Vetriselvan Subramaniyan","doi":"10.1007/s11051-025-06306-1","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nanotechnology offers innovative solutions to environmental challenges, including wastewater treatment and industrial waste management. However, the widespread discharge of municipal sewage, industrial solvents, agrochemicals, heavy metals, and nanoparticles threatens aquatic ecosystems. While nanomaterials hold promise for pollution remediation, their high surface reactivity and small size facilitate biotransformation, increasing their environmental interactions and disrupting aquatic food webs, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. This review examines the adverse effects of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) on aquatic life, emphasizing their bioaccumulation in species. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles exhibit bioaccumulation rates of up to 86%, whereas copper nanoparticles accumulate at only 0.9 ppb. Affected organs include the gills, brain, and lungs, highlighting nanoparticle contamination’s widespread impact. Biofilms enhance nanoparticle adsorption and pollutant transport. This study introduces the bioaccumulation index (BAI), improving bioaccumulation assessment over conventional methods. Findings stress the need for regulatory frameworks, sustainable nanotechnology, and advanced monitoring to reduce environmental risks. Future work should focus on long-term toxicity studies, eco-friendly designs, and mitigation strategies. Integrating bioaccumulation models and risk assessment tools can help balance technological progress with aquatic ecosystem sustainability, promoting responsible nanotechnology for a cleaner future.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11051-025-06306-1","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Nanotechnology offers innovative solutions to environmental challenges, including wastewater treatment and industrial waste management. However, the widespread discharge of municipal sewage, industrial solvents, agrochemicals, heavy metals, and nanoparticles threatens aquatic ecosystems. While nanomaterials hold promise for pollution remediation, their high surface reactivity and small size facilitate biotransformation, increasing their environmental interactions and disrupting aquatic food webs, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. This review examines the adverse effects of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) on aquatic life, emphasizing their bioaccumulation in species. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles exhibit bioaccumulation rates of up to 86%, whereas copper nanoparticles accumulate at only 0.9 ppb. Affected organs include the gills, brain, and lungs, highlighting nanoparticle contamination’s widespread impact. Biofilms enhance nanoparticle adsorption and pollutant transport. This study introduces the bioaccumulation index (BAI), improving bioaccumulation assessment over conventional methods. Findings stress the need for regulatory frameworks, sustainable nanotechnology, and advanced monitoring to reduce environmental risks. Future work should focus on long-term toxicity studies, eco-friendly designs, and mitigation strategies. Integrating bioaccumulation models and risk assessment tools can help balance technological progress with aquatic ecosystem sustainability, promoting responsible nanotechnology for a cleaner future.
期刊介绍：
The objective of the Journal of Nanoparticle Research is to disseminate knowledge of the physical, chemical and biological phenomena and processes in structures that have at least one lengthscale ranging from molecular to approximately 100 nm (or submicron in some situations), and exhibit improved and novel properties that are a direct result of their small size.
Nanoparticle research is a key component of nanoscience, nanoengineering and nanotechnology.
The focus of the Journal is on the specific concepts, properties, phenomena, and processes related to particles, tubes, layers, macromolecules, clusters and other finite structures of the nanoscale size range. Synthesis, assembly, transport, reactivity, and stability of such structures are considered. Development of in-situ and ex-situ instrumentation for characterization of nanoparticles and their interfaces should be based on new principles for probing properties and phenomena not well understood at the nanometer scale. Modeling and simulation may include atom-based quantum mechanics; molecular dynamics; single-particle, multi-body and continuum based models; fractals; other methods suitable for modeling particle synthesis, assembling and interaction processes. Realization and application of systems, structures and devices with novel functions obtained via precursor nanoparticles is emphasized. Approaches may include gas-, liquid-, solid-, and vacuum-based processes, size reduction, chemical- and bio-self assembly. Contributions include utilization of nanoparticle systems for enhancing a phenomenon or process and particle assembling into hierarchical structures, as well as formulation and the administration of drugs. Synergistic approaches originating from different disciplines and technologies, and interaction between the research providers and users in this field, are encouraged.
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