Miro1- a key player in β-cell function and mitochondrial dynamics under diabetes mellitus

IF 3.9 3区生物学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY

Mitochondrion Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI:10.1016/j.mito.2025.102039

Srikanth Kavyashree, Kannan Harithpriya, Kunka Mohanram Ramkumar

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Mitochondrial health is crucial for the survival and function of β-cells, preserving glucose homeostasis and effective insulin production. Miro1, a mitochondrial Rho GTPase1 protein, plays an essential role in maintaining the quality of mitochondria by regulating calcium homeostasis and mitophagy. In this review, we aim to explore the dysfunction of Miro1 in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its contribution to impaired Ca²⁺ signaling, which increases oxidative stress in β-cells. This dysfunction is the hallmark of T2DM pathogenesis, leading to insufficient insulin production and poor glycemic control. Additionally, we discuss the role of Miro1 in modulating insulin secretion and inflammation, highlighting its effect on modulating key signaling cascades in β-cells. Altogether, enhancing Miro1 function and activity could alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction, reducing oxidative stress-mediated damage, and improving pancreatic β-cell survival. Targeting Miro1 with small molecules or gene-editing approaches could provide effective strategies for restoring cell function and insulin secretion in diabetic individuals. Exploring the deeper knowledge of Miro1 functions and interactions could lead to novel therapeutic advances in T2DM management.

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Miro1--糖尿病情况下β细胞功能和线粒体动力学的关键参与者

线粒体的健康对β细胞的存活和功能、保持葡萄糖稳态和有效分泌胰岛素至关重要。线粒体 Rho GTPase1 蛋白 Miro1 通过调节钙平衡和有丝分裂，在维持线粒体质量方面发挥着重要作用。在这篇综述中，我们旨在探讨 Miro1 在 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）中的功能障碍及其对 Ca2+ 信号转导受损的贡献，而 Ca2+ 信号转导受损会增加 β 细胞的氧化应激。这种功能障碍是 T2DM 发病机制的标志，会导致胰岛素分泌不足和血糖控制不良。此外，我们还讨论了 Miro1 在调节胰岛素分泌和炎症中的作用，强调了它对调节 β 细胞中关键信号级联的影响。总之，增强 Miro1 的功能和活性可以缓解线粒体功能障碍，减少氧化应激介导的损伤，提高胰岛β细胞的存活率。用小分子或基因编辑方法靶向 Miro1 可为恢复糖尿病患者的细胞功能和胰岛素分泌提供有效的策略。深入了解 Miro1 的功能和相互作用可为治疗 T2DM 带来新的进展。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Mitochondrion 生物-细胞生物学

CiteScore

9.40

自引率

4.50%

发文量

审稿时长

13.6 weeks

期刊介绍： Mitochondrion is a definitive, high profile, peer-reviewed international research journal. The scope of Mitochondrion is broad, reporting on basic science of mitochondria from all organisms and from basic research to pathology and clinical aspects of mitochondrial diseases. The journal welcomes original contributions from investigators working in diverse sub-disciplines such as evolution, biophysics, biochemistry, molecular and cell biology, genetics, pharmacology, toxicology, forensic science, programmed cell death, aging, cancer and clinical features of mitochondrial diseases.