Contrastive cognition into the occurrence, source identification and risk assessment of antibiotics in various drinking water sources

IF 7.6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Pollution Pub Date : 2025-04-12 DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126226

Bingzheng Tian , Min Zhang , Chao Zhu , Ruifang Yang , Gaofang Yin , Shuanggang Hu , Yihan Chen , Nanjing Zhao

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Abstract

Antibiotics are prevalent in aquatic ecosystems, particularly in critical drinking water sources, posing serious threats to human health and ecosystems. Focusing on rivers, lakes, reservoirs and groundwaters in Anhui Province (China), this study systematically investigated the occurrence, influencing factors and source apportionment of antibiotics and assessed their ecological and health risks. The results indicated that the total antibiotic concentrations ranged from 0.04 to 215.13 ng/L, and lincosamides and sulfonamides were the primary antibiotic groups, with concentrations of nd-167.00 ng/L and nd-47.38 ng/L, respectively. Specifically, lincomycin (nd-159.38 ng/L) and clindamycin (nd-100.45 ng/L) were the concentration of the two highest antibiotics, while sulfamethoxazole had the highest detection frequency (86.16 %). The total concentration of antibiotics in rivers was significantly higher than in lakes, reservoirs, and groundwaters, and the structural composition of antibiotics in groundwaters differed distinctly from that in other water sources. Nitrogen levels showed significant spatial correlation with antibiotic distribution, and anthropogenic activities may exacerbate antibiotic contamination. The study identified farmland drainage and aquaculture as the main sources of antibiotics in rivers and reservoirs, respectively, while livestock was the main source in lakes and groundwaters. The maximum ecological and human health risk quotient (8.83 and 0.32) of rivers was higher than that of other water sources. Antibiotics posing ecological risks included sulfamethoxazole, lincomycin, clindamycin, and clarithromycin, while tylosin and lincomycin exhibited potential threats to human health. Although the risks posed by individual antibiotics and their combined effects were within acceptable limits, the long-term exposure to low-dose antibiotics in drinking-water sources warrants close attention and further investigation.

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不同饮用水源地抗生素的发生、来源鉴定及风险评估对比认识

抗生素在水生生态系统中普遍存在，尤其是在重要的饮用水源中，对人类健康和生态系统构成严重威胁。本研究以安徽省的河流、湖泊、水库和地下水为研究对象，系统调查了抗生素的发生、影响因素和来源分布，并对其生态和健康风险进行了评估。结果表明，抗生素的总浓度在 0.04 至 215.13 纳克/升之间，林可酰胺类和磺胺类是主要的抗生素类别，其浓度分别为 nd-167.00 纳克/升和 nd-47.38 纳克/升。其中，林可霉素（nd-159.38 ng/L）和克林霉素（nd-100.45 ng/L）是浓度最高的两种抗生素，而磺胺甲噁唑的检出率最高（86.16%）。河流中抗生素的总浓度明显高于湖泊、水库和地下水，地下水中抗生素的结构组成也与其他水源有明显差异。氮含量与抗生素的分布有明显的空间相关性，人为活动可能会加剧抗生素污染。研究发现，农田排水和水产养殖分别是河流和水库中抗生素的主要来源，而牲畜则是湖泊和地下水中抗生素的主要来源。河流的最大生态和人类健康风险商数（8.83 和 0.32）高于其他水源。对生态环境构成风险的抗生素包括磺胺甲噁唑、林可霉素、克林霉素和克拉霉素，而泰乐菌素和林可霉素则对人类健康构成潜在威胁。虽然单种抗生素造成的风险及其综合影响都在可接受的范围内，但饮用水源中低剂量抗生素的长期暴露值得密切关注和进一步调查。

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来源期刊

Environmental Pollution 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

16.00

自引率

6.70%

发文量

2082

审稿时长

2.9 months

期刊介绍： Environmental Pollution is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes high-quality research papers and review articles covering all aspects of environmental pollution and its impacts on ecosystems and human health. Subject areas include, but are not limited to: • Sources and occurrences of pollutants that are clearly defined and measured in environmental compartments, food and food-related items, and human bodies; • Interlinks between contaminant exposure and biological, ecological, and human health effects, including those of climate change; • Contaminants of emerging concerns (including but not limited to antibiotic resistant microorganisms or genes, microplastics/nanoplastics, electronic wastes, light, and noise) and/or their biological, ecological, or human health effects; • Laboratory and field studies on the remediation/mitigation of environmental pollution via new techniques and with clear links to biological, ecological, or human health effects; • Modeling of pollution processes, patterns, or trends that is of clear environmental and/or human health interest; • New techniques that measure and examine environmental occurrences, transport, behavior, and effects of pollutants within the environment or the laboratory, provided that they can be clearly used to address problems within regional or global environmental compartments.