Eco-friendly lead-free metal halide perovskites: Progress and prospects in multifunctional applications

Abstract

Recently, metal halide perovskites have engrossed a lot of attraction in the field of developing optoelectronic technologies due to their special optical-electronic characteristics. The toxicity of lead (Pb) based perovskites has developed a major obstacle that restricts their widespread use, despite the fact that they seem to be rising stars in optoelectronic devices. To overcome this hurdle, Pb-free substitutive perovskites have earned growing interest because of their theoretically remarkable environment friendly optoelectronic properties besides compromising stability and enactment. They are not only gaining attention for applications in solar devices but their properties make them an ideal candidate for many other demanding applications. To elucidate the applicability of eco-friendly perovskites in numerous applications, the present article provides an extensive overview of current developments in eco-friendly perovskites in a range of contemporary applications outside of photovoltaics. An overview of these Pb-free perovskites' crystal structure and chemical variety is initially presented. For a number of purposes like artificial synapses, light-emitting diodes, resistive switching memory, photodetectors, and displays, a methodical review of lead-free perovskites is presented in this article. The demonstration of photocatalysis, radiation detection, imaging, sensors, thermoelectric and piezoelectric energy harvesting, and more is crucial. Pb-free perovskite future development prospects and challenges in the aforementioned fields are described, that are thought to be essential for accelerating the profitable adoption of above-mentioned cutting-edge technologies.