Defect-engineered 0D carbon spheres from Artocarpus Heterophyllus Peel waste: a breakthrough in high performance symmetric supercapacitors with extended operating voltage up to 2 V

IF 4.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Diamond and Related Materials Pub Date : 2025-04-09 DOI:10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112318

Dhilip kumar Chinnalagu , Balaji Murugesan , Krithikapriya Chinniah , Selvanathan Ganesan , Yurong Cai , Sundrarajan Mahalingam

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Abstract

Defect engineering is an essential technique for controlling the characteristics of carbon nanomaterials. Introducing heteroatom (N&S) dopants and vacancies into the CC bond (sp²) framework could exemplify several advantages. Advantages include increased active sites, modification of surface charge transfer properties, and enhancement of electrochemical performance. Herein, an innovative approach is proposed to generate carbon spheres from lignocellulosic material extracted from the Artocarpus heterophyllus peel waste. Preferentially, L-cysteine (1 %) amino acid was chosen as a favorable source of heteroatoms because of the highly reactive carbocation (C₂ position) promoting defects on the negatively charged carbon spheres. Moreover, 1 % L-cysteine integrated carbon spheres (LCCS−1) were subjected to physicochemical characterization to analyze their structural and morphological properties, specific surface area, porosity, elemental composition, and atomic percentage (%). LCCS−1 coated electrode in 3 M KOH electrolyte displayed a capacitance and diffusion contribution of 82.8 % and 17.2 %, as evident from Trasatti and Dunn's plot. Remarkably, the fabricated LCCS-1//LCCS-1 symmetric supercapacitor device (SSD) demonstrated a specific capacitance of 177 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹ current density in a PVA: KOH gel electrolyte medium. Subsequently, LCCS-1//LCCS-1 SSD achieved a phenomenal operating voltage range of 0–2.0 V with a calculated energy density of 36.1 Wh/kg and 10,000 W/kg power density. Concordantly, the connected LCCS-1//LCCS-1 device effectively illuminated red colour LED light, achieving a superior efficacy of ∼112 %. The outstanding electrochemical characteristics of LCCS-1 serve as a source of inspiration for the logical development of defect-modulated electrode materials with enhanced performance in energy storage applications.

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从紫菀果皮废料中提取的缺陷工程 0D 碳球：工作电压可延长至 2 V 的高性能对称超级电容器的突破性进展

缺陷工程是控制碳纳米材料特性的一项重要技术。在CC键（sp2）框架中引入杂原子（N&；S）掺杂剂和空位可以举例说明几个优点。其优点包括活性位点的增加、表面电荷转移性质的改变和电化学性能的提高。在此，我们提出了一种创新的方法，从树莓果皮废料中提取木质纤维素材料来生产碳球。l -半胱氨酸（1%）氨基酸被优选为杂原子的有利来源，因为它具有高活性的碳正离子（C2位置），可促进带负电碳球上的缺陷。此外，对1% l -半胱氨酸集成碳球（LCCS−1）进行了理化表征，分析了其结构和形态特性、比表面积、孔隙度、元素组成和原子百分率（%）。从Trasatti和Dunn的图中可以看出，在3 M KOH电解质中，LCCS−1涂层电极的电容和扩散贡献分别为82.8%和17.2%。在所制备的LCCS-1//LCCS-1对称超级电容器器件（SSD）在PVA: KOH凝胶电解质介质中，在1 a g−1电流密度下的比电容为177 F g−1。随后，LCCS-1//LCCS-1固态硬盘实现了0-2.0 V的工作电压范围，计算能量密度为36.1 Wh/kg，功率密度为10,000 W/kg。与此同时，所连接的LCCS-1//LCCS-1器件有效地照亮了红色LED光，实现了约112%的卓越效率。LCCS-1优异的电化学特性为缺陷调制电极材料的逻辑开发提供了灵感，并增强了其在储能应用中的性能。

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来源期刊

Diamond and Related Materials 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

6.00

自引率

14.60%

发文量

702

审稿时长

2.1 months

期刊介绍： DRM is a leading international journal that publishes new fundamental and applied research on all forms of diamond, the integration of diamond with other advanced materials and development of technologies exploiting diamond. The synthesis, characterization and processing of single crystal diamond, polycrystalline films, nanodiamond powders and heterostructures with other advanced materials are encouraged topics for technical and review articles. In addition to diamond, the journal publishes manuscripts on the synthesis, characterization and application of other related materials including diamond-like carbons, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and boron and carbon nitrides. Articles are sought on the chemical functionalization of diamond and related materials as well as their use in electrochemistry, energy storage and conversion, chemical and biological sensing, imaging, thermal management, photonic and quantum applications, electron emission and electronic devices. The International Conference on Diamond and Carbon Materials has evolved into the largest and most well attended forum in the field of diamond, providing a forum to showcase the latest results in the science and technology of diamond and other carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and diamond-like carbon. Run annually in association with Diamond and Related Materials the conference provides junior and established researchers the opportunity to exchange the latest results ranging from fundamental physical and chemical concepts to applied research focusing on the next generation carbon-based devices.