Relationship between internal metal exposure and thyroid cancer incidence: a case-control study simultaneously validated by BKMR and WQS models

IF 3.9 3区医学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food and Chemical Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2025.115443

Muke Yu , Jingyu Xun , Yiming Ge , Xinjie Li , Xulong Chen , Lingfei Cui , Xidi Wang , Mingxia Zhang , Zhaomin Xing , Liang Deng , NiJiati AiErken , Shaoyou Lu , Kefeng Lei

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Abstract

The global incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing, attracting great attention. Heavy metals affect human health and cause different diseases through various mechanisms. Several studies have identified heavy metals as risk factors for thyroid cancer and examined the association between heavy metals and the development of thyroid cancer. However, the mixed effects of multiple heavy metals on thyroid cancer are still unknown. In this study, twelve heavy metals including iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), selenium (Se), strontium (Sr), cadmium (Cd), cesium (Cs), palladium (Ba), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb), in urine from thyroid cancer patients and healthy adults, were measured. The results revealed that the levels of Fe, Ni, and Cu were significantly higher in the case group than in the control group. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) and Bayesian kernel-machine regression (BKMR) analyses consistently showed that heavy metal mixtures in urine were positively associated with the risk of thyroid cancer, with metals such as Fe and Ni being the main contributors. Further epidemiological surveys are needed in the future to investigate the effects of individual or multiple heavy metals on thyroid disease.

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内部金属暴露与甲状腺癌发病率的关系：BKMR和WQS模型同时验证的病例对照研究

全球甲状腺癌发病率呈上升趋势，备受关注。重金属影响人体健康，并通过多种机制引起不同的疾病。一些研究已经确定重金属是甲状腺癌的危险因素，并研究了重金属与甲状腺癌发展之间的关系。然而，多种重金属对甲状腺癌的混合影响尚不清楚。本研究测定了甲状腺癌患者和健康成人尿液中铁（Fe）、镍（Ni）、铜（Cu）、锌（Zn）、砷（As）、硒（Se）、锶（Sr）、镉（Cd）、铯（Cs）、钯（Ba）、汞（Hg）、铅（Pb）等12种重金属的含量。结果显示，病例组的铁、镍和铜水平明显高于对照组。加权分位数和（WQS）和贝叶斯核机回归（BKMR）分析一致表明，尿液中的重金属混合物与甲状腺癌的风险呈正相关，其中铁和镍等金属是主要因素。未来需要进一步的流行病学调查来研究单个或多种重金属对甲状腺疾病的影响。

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来源期刊

Food and Chemical Toxicology 工程技术-毒理学

CiteScore

10.90

自引率

4.70%

发文量

651

审稿时长

31 days

期刊介绍： Food and Chemical Toxicology (FCT), an internationally renowned journal, that publishes original research articles and reviews on toxic effects, in animals and humans, of natural or synthetic chemicals occurring in the human environment with particular emphasis on food, drugs, and chemicals, including agricultural and industrial safety, and consumer product safety. Areas such as safety evaluation of novel foods and ingredients, biotechnologically-derived products, and nanomaterials are included in the scope of the journal. FCT also encourages submission of papers on inter-relationships between nutrition and toxicology and on in vitro techniques, particularly those fostering the 3 Rs. The principal aim of the journal is to publish high impact, scholarly work and to serve as a multidisciplinary forum for research in toxicology. Papers submitted will be judged on the basis of scientific originality and contribution to the field, quality and subject matter. Studies should address at least one of the following: -Adverse physiological/biochemical, or pathological changes induced by specific defined substances -New techniques for assessing potential toxicity, including molecular biology -Mechanisms underlying toxic phenomena -Toxicological examinations of specific chemicals or consumer products, both those showing adverse effects and those demonstrating safety, that meet current standards of scientific acceptability. Authors must clearly and briefly identify what novel toxic effect (s) or toxic mechanism (s) of the chemical are being reported and what their significance is in the abstract. Furthermore, sufficient doses should be included in order to provide information on NOAEL/LOAEL values.