Rural Farmer-Managed Wetland Agroecosystems Promote Climate Resilience in Semi-Arid Savannah: Case of Nyororo Wetland, Mberengwa District, Zimbabwe

Pascal Manyakaidze, Regis Musavengane, Robert Maponga
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Abstract

Climate change is threatening the resilience of smallholder agroecosystems in semi-arid areas. Wetland agroecosystems provide critical life support and positive outcomes for people, nature and climate in semi-arid areas. Wetland shrinkage, degradation, species extinction and habitat loss have threatened livelihoods and ecosystems across the globe. The study aimed to determine climate change impacts on farmer-managed wetland agroecosystems and evaluate resilience-building strategies in semi-arid rainfall marginal areas, focusing on Nyororo wetland in Mberengwa district. A mixed method approach informed data collection and analysis, influenced by interpretivism and objectivism research philosophical underpinnings. The mixed methods approach enabled the study to benefit from multiple knowledge domains, including professional ecological knowledge (PEK), scientific ecological knowledge (SEK), bureaucratic ecological knowledge (BEK), technological ecological knowledge (TEK) and local ecological knowledge (LEK). Information gathered through semi-structured questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, secondary data, remote sensing and scientific measurements was synthesised to bring the resilience picture around wetland-based agroecosystems. The study findings on wetland degradation and climate change impacts on wetland agrobiodiversity included wetland shrinkage, an increase in invasive floral species by 25%, declining groundwater, reduced dryland cereal (Zea mays) production by 77.16% over a 41-year period, and the occurrence of crop pests and animal diseases, which had negative outcomes on wetland provisioning, regulatory services and ecosystem health. Resilience-building strategies, including adopting seasonal livelihood programmes, ecosystems-based adaptation (EbA) strategies such as wetland farming, protection of wetland water sources, harvesting wetland goods for selling and anticipatory action planning (AAP), including planting drought-tolerant, short-seasoned food crops, proved effective in the sustainable management of wetlands agroecosystems. The study recommended that financial mechanisms be tailored to suit the needs of local communities’ conservation and resilient livelihoods. The study recommends that stakeholders swiftly implement the promising wetland agroecosystem resilience-building strategies that bring positive outcomes for people, nature and climate.

Abstract Image

农村农民管理的湿地农业生态系统促进半干旱大草原的气候适应能力:以津巴布韦Mberengwa地区Nyororo湿地为例
气候变化正威胁着半干旱地区小农农业生态系统的恢复能力。在半干旱地区,湿地农业生态系统为人类、自然和气候提供了至关重要的生命支持和积极成果。湿地萎缩、退化、物种灭绝和栖息地丧失威胁着全球的生计和生态系统。该研究旨在确定气候变化对农民管理的湿地农业生态系统的影响,并评估半干旱降雨边缘地区的恢复力建设策略,重点是Mberengwa地区的Nyororo湿地。受解释主义和客观主义研究哲学基础的影响,混合方法方法为数据收集和分析提供了信息。混合方法使研究受益于多个知识领域,包括专业生态知识(PEK)、科学生态知识(SEK)、官僚生态知识(BEK)、技术生态知识(TEK)和地方生态知识(LEK)。通过半结构化问卷调查、访谈、焦点小组讨论、关键信息提供者访谈、二手数据、遥感和科学测量收集的信息被综合起来,形成了围绕湿地农业生态系统的复原力图景。研究结果表明,湿地退化和气候变化对湿地农业生物多样性的影响包括湿地萎缩、入侵植物物种增加25%、地下水减少、41年间旱地谷物(Zea mays)产量减少77.16%以及作物病虫害的发生,这些都对湿地供应、调节服务和生态系统健康产生了负面影响。韧性建设战略,包括采用季节性生计计划、基于生态系统的适应战略(EbA),如湿地农业、保护湿地水源、收获湿地产品供销售,以及预期行动计划(AAP),包括种植耐旱、短熟的粮食作物,已被证明在湿地农业生态系统的可持续管理方面是有效的。该研究建议调整金融机制,以适应当地社区的保护和抗灾生计的需要。该研究建议利益相关者迅速实施有前景的湿地农业生态系统恢复力建设战略,为人类、自然和气候带来积极成果。
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