In Situ Growth of The Interpenetrating Structure UiO-66-NH2/MWCNTs-OH for The Detection of Phosphoproteins in Human Sweat

Abstract

Phosphorylated proteins in human sweat are found to be closely associated with neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Real-time, non-invasive detection of changes in the types and levels of phosphorylated proteins in sweat is of significant clinical value for the prevention and diagnosis of these diseases. This research introduces an electrochemical sensor based on an in situ-grown interpenetrating network structure of UiO-66-NH₂/MWCNTs-OH, specifically designed for detecting phosphorylated proteins in sweat. The sensor is tested with common phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated proteins, demonstrating excellent selectivity, repeatability, reproducibility, and stability, with a limit of detection as low as 0.28 µmol L⁻¹. Additionally, biotoxicity experiments conducted on SD rats and volunteers show that UiO-66-NH₂/MWCNTs-OH is biologically safe, making it suitable for use as a biosensor. Finally, the fabrication of the electrochemical sensing module provides a foundation for the development of subsequent wearable sensors.