Decentralisation transition in the chemical, energy, and waste management sectors: Innovations, opportunities, and sustainable pathways – A review

Abstract

The transition from centralised to decentralised systems (DS) is crucial for advancing sustainability and resilience across multiple sectors. DS align well with planetary limits, particularly in climate change mitigation, water conservation, and resource optimization. Current review study examines key areas such as waste management, renewable energy, chemicals, and agriculture, demonstrating that DS can reduce environmental impact, minimize transportation needs, and adapt to specific regional conditions. The integration of advanced technologies, including renewable energy systems, waste-to-energy conversions, and modular manufacturing, enhances the functionality of DS, and support domestic, hybrid and global business models. These interconnections play a vital role in addressing complex environmental and economic challenges, fostering circular production cycles, and reducing dependence on non-renewable resources. The current comprehensive literature analysis identifies such DS development potential risks and opportunity. Outweighing its drawbacks, DS promotes participation, regional development, and economic equality by connecting local producers to global supply networks. This review highlights the necessity of strategic planning, policy support, and technological advancements to facilitate the adaptation of DS, drawing upon existing global industry practices and government initiatives as models for regional implementation. Furthermore, it explores critical logistical, financial, and regulatory considerations, providing a framework for integrating DS into existing systems. The findings demonstrate and roadmaps that DS can effectively achieve sustainability objectives and significantly enhance performance in resource-constrained environments.