Investigation of defect formation in cold pilgered stainless steel pipes: Role of grain size and secondary phases

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Engineering Failure Analysis Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109587

Sagar Patil , Vishal Shambu , Sayeri Chatterjee , Dhananjay Bajpeyee , Nilesh Suryawanshi , M.J.N.V. Prasad

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Abstract

This study investigates the typical failures of austenitic stainless steel (ASS) pipes used in the petrochemical sector, with a focus on surface defects that emerge during the cold pilgering process. Defects formed during cold pilgering of pipes of four different stainless steel grades such as AISI 304L, AISI 321, AISI 316Ti, and AISI 316L were examined in detail. The defects were examined via stereo-microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) along the surface and cross-section to visualize the length scale of the defects. Microstructural examination was performed using optical microscope and SEM to correlate the role of grain size, inclusions, and other microstructural heterogeneity. Through failure analysis, it becomes evident that excessive and intensive fissure formation (metal folding) is the root cause of the defect formation. The study highlights the impact of parameters such as the Q factor, grain size, secondary phase and inclusions such as titanium nitride in cold pilgered pipes on fissure development. A comprehensive metallurgical analysis via optical and scanning electron microscopy of the ASS pipes containing defects is provided in this paper.

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冷轧不锈钢管缺陷形成的研究：晶粒尺寸和二次相的作用

本研究调查了石油化工行业中使用的奥氏体不锈钢（ASS）管道的典型失效，重点研究了冷拔管过程中出现的表面缺陷。对AISI 304L、AISI 321、AISI 316Ti和AISI 316L四种不同不锈钢牌号的管道进行了冷镦缺陷的详细分析。通过立体显微镜和扫描电镜（SEM）沿表面和横截面对缺陷进行了检测，以显示缺陷的长度尺度。使用光学显微镜和扫描电镜进行显微组织检查，以确定晶粒尺寸、夹杂物和其他显微组织非均质性的作用。通过失效分析可以看出，过度密集的裂纹形成（金属折叠）是缺陷形成的根本原因。重点研究了Q因子、晶粒尺寸、二次相、氮化钛等夹杂物等参数对冷拔管裂纹发育的影响。本文通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜对含缺陷的ASS管进行了全面的金相分析。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Engineering Failure Analysis 工程技术-材料科学：表征与测试

CiteScore

7.70

自引率

20.00%

发文量

956

审稿时长

47 days

期刊介绍： Engineering Failure Analysis publishes research papers describing the analysis of engineering failures and related studies. Papers relating to the structure, properties and behaviour of engineering materials are encouraged, particularly those which also involve the detailed application of materials parameters to problems in engineering structures, components and design. In addition to the area of materials engineering, the interacting fields of mechanical, manufacturing, aeronautical, civil, chemical, corrosion and design engineering are considered relevant. Activity should be directed at analysing engineering failures and carrying out research to help reduce the incidences of failures and to extend the operating horizons of engineering materials. Emphasis is placed on the mechanical properties of materials and their behaviour when influenced by structure, process and environment. Metallic, polymeric, ceramic and natural materials are all included and the application of these materials to real engineering situations should be emphasised. The use of a case-study based approach is also encouraged. Engineering Failure Analysis provides essential reference material and critical feedback into the design process thereby contributing to the prevention of engineering failures in the future. All submissions will be subject to peer review from leading experts in the field.