Electrochemical detection of antimony in bottled water using a Bi₂MoO₆/GO-modified screen-printed electrode

Abstract

Antimony (Sb) is commonly used as a catalyst in plastic production. The presence of antimony contamination in bottled drinking water caused by polyethylene terephthalate plastic bottles has raised significant concern. Analysis of Sb is still largely reliant on conventional instruments. In this study, we develop fast detection of Sb using electrochemcial method with screen printed electrode (SPE) modified with bismuth molybdate (Bi₂MoO₆) and graphene oxide (GO) composite. The Bi₂MoO₆ has been successfully synthesized and fabricated as electrode. The characterization was confirmed by various instrument namely UV-Vis spectrophotometry, scanning electrode microscope (SEM-EDX), and X – Ray Diffraction (XRD). The performance of electrochemical analysis shows the linier concentration of Sb^3 + in the range of 0.04 μM to 0.64 μM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 23 nM. Moreover, the sensitivity, selectivity, repeatability, and recovery were successfully achieved. This method was used in the real analysis using drinking water packaged in plastic bottles that has been previously heated. The result showed recovery of 99.96 %. The promising results, including high sensitivity and nearly complete recovery, highlight the potential of this approach for ensuring the safety of drinking water and addressing concerns related to antimony contamination from plastic packaging.