Hypotheses for the water and metal fluxes to the rippled Amapari Marker Band, Gale Crater, Mars

IF 4.8 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS

Earth and Planetary Science Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI:10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119347

E.S. Kite , P. Gasda , C.J. Tino , C. Weitz , L. Thompson , B.M. Tutolo , C.A. Mondro , W.H. Farrand , S. Gupta , J. Schieber , W.E. Dietrich , N. Mangold , K.W. Lewis , R.S. Sletten

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Abstract

Early Mars was habitable, at least intermittently, but major questions remain about how much water flowed and for how long. The paleoclimate evolution of Mars is captured by the stratigraphic record in Gale crater (Milliken et al. 2010). Climbing through mostly aeolian deposits reflecting arid conditions within Gale crater, the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover encountered wave-rippled lake sediments of the basin-spanning Amapari Marker Band (AMB) that have very high metal enrichments (Fe, Mn, Zn). What caused the association between relatively wet primary depositional environment, and metal enrichment? Tentative, but reasonable extrapolation of rover metal data across the AMB suggests an excess Fe mass of 0.2 Gt. Transporting this Fe likely required ∼10,000 km³ of water flow, much more than the volume of the lake, across >10³ yr. Deposition of the Fe could be due to a redox or pH front within or just beneath the lake. One possible basin-scale synthesis involves a climate excursion consisting of initial cooling then subsequent warming: initial cooling permits wind scour in Gale basin and ice build-up on Gale's rim, while subsequent melting fills the lake and mobilizes Fe. Alternatively, the data can be explained by water-table fluctuations. In either case, the metal enrichment likely contributed to the hardness of these rocks, aiding wave-ripple preservation.

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来源期刊

Earth and Planetary Science Letters 地学-地球化学与地球物理

CiteScore

10.30

自引率

5.70%

发文量

475

审稿时长

2.8 months

期刊介绍： Earth and Planetary Science Letters (EPSL) is a leading journal for researchers across the entire Earth and planetary sciences community. It publishes concise, exciting, high-impact articles ("Letters") of broad interest. Its focus is on physical and chemical processes, the evolution and general properties of the Earth and planets - from their deep interiors to their atmospheres. EPSL also includes a Frontiers section, featuring invited high-profile synthesis articles by leading experts on timely topics to bring cutting-edge research to the wider community.