Asma bronquial

Abstract

This update addresses asthma from a comprehensive perspective, highlighting its pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. It is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by episodes of wheezing, dyspnea, and cough. The importance of an accurate diagnosis that includes an evaluation of symptoms, medical history, and pulmonary function tests is emphasized. It is classified according to severity and control, which helps to personalize treatment. To this end, it is important to identify and avoid triggers as well as to promote the use of long-term control medications, such as inhaled corticosteroids and short-acting bronchodilators for symptom relief. A stepwise approach is recommended, adjusting treatment according to the degree of asthma control. In addition, long-term management strategies and patient education to improve quality of life and reduce exacerbations are described. Management and treatment of severe asthma that is difficult to control is also discussed.