Three-dimensional CMK-8 and CMK-9 ordered mesoporous carbons as potential nanocarriers for cephalexin controlled release

IF 4.8 3区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Microporous and Mesoporous Materials Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI:10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113640

Kiara Montiel-Centeno , Deicy Barrera , Fátima García-Villén , César Viseras , Enrique Rodríguez-Castellón , Cristian A. Diaz , Jhonny Villarroel-Rocha , M. Sergio Moreno , Karim Sapag

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Abstract

Ordered mesoporous carbons with a three-dimensional cubic structure, CMK-8 and CMK-9, were synthesized using the hard-template method and evaluated, for the first time, as drug delivery systems for cephalexin (CFX), a widely used antibiotic in infectious disease therapy. The materials were functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane via grafting to enhance aqueous dispersion and control drug release. CFX was loaded by adsorption, and its release was studied under simulated oral conditions at acidic (pH 1.2) and intestinal (pH 6.8) environments. Due to its dual mesoporosity and larger surface area, CMK-9 exhibited superior CFX adsorption capacity compared to CMK-8. Both materials facilitated controlled drug release, with CMK-9 achieving the highest release rate (89 %) within 14 h under acidic conditions, whereas pure CFX exhibited a much faster release. Kinetic analysis using the Weibull model indicated a Fickian diffusion mechanism governed by porosity and electrostatic interactions. These findings underscore the potential of ordered mesoporous carbons with cubic structures as promising platforms for controlled antibiotic delivery.

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三维CMK-8和CMK-9有序介孔碳作为头孢氨苄控释的潜在纳米载体

采用硬模板法合成了具有三维立方结构的有序介孔碳CMK-8和CMK-9，并首次对其作为头孢氨苄（CFX）的给药系统进行了评价。以3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷为接枝改性剂，提高了材料的水溶性分散性，控制了药物的释放。通过吸附加载CFX，并在酸性（pH 1.2）和肠道（pH 6.8）环境下模拟口腔条件下研究其释放。由于具有双介孔结构和更大的表面积，CMK-9表现出比CMK-8更好的CFX吸附能力。两种材料都促进了药物的控释，在酸性条件下，CMK-9在14 h内的释放率最高（89%），而纯CFX的释放速度更快。采用Weibull模型的动力学分析表明，其扩散机制受孔隙率和静电相互作用的控制。这些发现强调了具有立方结构的有序介孔碳作为控制抗生素递送的有前途的平台的潜力。

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来源期刊

Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 化学-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

10.70

自引率

5.80%

发文量

649

审稿时长

26 days

期刊介绍： Microporous and Mesoporous Materials covers novel and significant aspects of porous solids classified as either microporous (pore size up to 2 nm) or mesoporous (pore size 2 to 50 nm). The porosity should have a specific impact on the material properties or application. Typical examples are zeolites and zeolite-like materials, pillared materials, clathrasils and clathrates, carbon molecular sieves, ordered mesoporous materials, organic/inorganic porous hybrid materials, or porous metal oxides. Both natural and synthetic porous materials are within the scope of the journal. Topics which are particularly of interest include: All aspects of natural microporous and mesoporous solids The synthesis of crystalline or amorphous porous materials The physico-chemical characterization of microporous and mesoporous solids, especially spectroscopic and microscopic The modification of microporous and mesoporous solids, for example by ion exchange or solid-state reactions All topics related to diffusion of mobile species in the pores of microporous and mesoporous materials Adsorption (and other separation techniques) using microporous or mesoporous adsorbents Catalysis by microporous and mesoporous materials Host/guest interactions Theoretical chemistry and modelling of host/guest interactions All topics related to the application of microporous and mesoporous materials in industrial catalysis, separation technology, environmental protection, electrochemistry, membranes, sensors, optical devices, etc.