Interaction effects of organic mulch application rates and rainfall intensities on soil and water loss in karst sloping farmlands: Insights from a laboratory simulation experiment

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI:10.1016/j.still.2025.106574

Panpan Wu , Rui Li , Feiyang Cai , Ling Xiong , Zhengyi Tang , Linlv Xiao

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Sloping farmland constitutes the primary source of soil and water loss in Southwest China. However, research and practice on organic mulching, one of the key soil and water conservation measures, have been relatively limited in karst regions. The questions of whether there are significant differences in the effectiveness of various types for organic mulches in diminishing runoff and sediment on karst sloping farmlands, and whether the interactions between organic application rates and rainfall significantly influence runoff and sediment loss, have not been systematically addressed. Therefore, the study employs simulation experiments to investigate the influence of six application rates (0 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, and 70 %) of litter, straw, and biochar under three rainfall intensities (30, 60 and 90 mm/h) for soil and water loss in karst sloping farmlands. A regression model was used to analyze the relationships between rainfall, application rates, interaction terms, and the runoff yield rate (Rr) and sediment yield rate (Sr). The results indicated that Rr and Sr decrease with increasing application rates and increased with prolonged rainfall duration. Runoff and sediment reduction efficiencies (RRE and SRE ) rose with higher application rates, and the effectiveness (p < 0.05) of the three organic mulches on Rr and Sr varied significantly. The RRE and SRE for litter were the highest (44.05 %, 81.27 %), followed by straw (34.00 %, 46.53 %), while biochar had the lowest (31.63 %, 35.11 %), and RRE consistently exceeded the SRE . Interaction terms significantly affected the Rr and Sr of litter and biochar (p < 0.05) but did not have a significant impact on straw (p > 0.05). Considering these findings and the cultivation characteristics of karst sloping farmland, and along with the availability and cost, straw is recommended for agricultural practices. This study provides a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for agronomic tillage practices and soil loss control in karst sloping farmlands.

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有机地膜施用量与降雨强度对喀斯特坡耕地水土流失的交互作用：来自实验室模拟试验的见解

坡耕地是西南地区水土流失的主要来源。然而，作为关键水土保持措施之一的有机覆盖在喀斯特地区的研究和实践相对有限。不同类型的有机地膜在减少喀斯特坡耕地径流和沉积物方面的有效性是否存在显著差异，以及有机施用量和降雨量之间的相互作用是否显著影响径流和沉积物损失，这些问题尚未得到系统的解决。因此，本研究采用模拟试验研究了3种降雨强度（30、60和90 mm/h）下凋落物、秸秆和生物炭6种施用量（0 %、30 %、40 %、50 %、60 %和70 %）对喀斯特坡耕地水土流失的影响。采用回归模型分析了降雨量、施用量、相互作用项与产流率（Rr）和产沙率（Sr）的关系。结果表明，Rr和Sr随施用量的增加而降低，随降雨时间的延长而升高。径流量和沉积物减少效率（RRE和SRE）随施用量的增加而增加，三种有机地膜对Rr和Sr的有效性差异显著（p <； 0.05）。凋落物的RRE和SRE最高（44.05 %,81.27 %），秸秆次之（34.00 %,46.53 %），生物炭最低（31.63 %,35.11 %），RRE一直高于SRE。互作项显著影响凋落物和生物炭的Rr和Sr (p <； 0.05)，但对秸秆的影响不显著（p >； 0.05）。考虑到这些发现和喀斯特坡耕地的耕作特点，以及可利用性和成本，建议在农业实践中使用秸秆。该研究为喀斯特坡耕地的农艺耕作和水土流失防治提供了理论依据和实践指导。

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来源期刊

Soil & Tillage Research 农林科学-土壤科学

CiteScore

13.00

自引率

6.20%

发文量

266

审稿时长

5 months

期刊介绍： Soil & Tillage Research examines the physical, chemical and biological changes in the soil caused by tillage and field traffic. Manuscripts will be considered on aspects of soil science, physics, technology, mechanization and applied engineering for a sustainable balance among productivity, environmental quality and profitability. The following are examples of suitable topics within the scope of the journal of Soil and Tillage Research: The agricultural and biosystems engineering associated with tillage (including no-tillage, reduced-tillage and direct drilling), irrigation and drainage, crops and crop rotations, fertilization, rehabilitation of mine spoils and processes used to modify soils. Soil change effects on establishment and yield of crops, growth of plants and roots, structure and erosion of soil, cycling of carbon and nutrients, greenhouse gas emissions, leaching, runoff and other processes that affect environmental quality. Characterization or modeling of tillage and field traffic responses, soil, climate, or topographic effects, soil deformation processes, tillage tools, traction devices, energy requirements, economics, surface and subsurface water quality effects, tillage effects on weed, pest and disease control, and their interactions.