Evaluating the synergistic effect of Cu/Zr co-doped Co3O4@CNTs nanocomposite for removal of drugs and dyes from industrial wastewater

IF 5.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Ceramics International Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI:10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.042

Fatima Tariq , Umaira Rafiq , Sofia Siddique , Zeid A. ALOthman , Imran Shakir , Muhammad Farooq Warsi

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Abstract

Water treatment faces challenges due to the low efficiency and stability of current photocatalysts in degrading persistent pollutants in wastewater. A photocatalyst should have a larger surface area, better electronic conductivity, a minimum charge recombination rate, and a visible light active narrow optical band gap probability. The Co₃O₄ (CO) and Cu/Zr co-doped Co₃O₄ (CZCO) were synthesized by the co-precipitation route. Then carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were incorporated via ultrasonication route to enhance their efficiency by increasing surface area and tuning the band gap energy. The degradation of two model pollutants, Amoxicillin (AMX) and Bromothymol blue dye (BTB), investigated the photocatalytic efficiency of the fabricated samples. Characterization techniques, like FTIR, XRD, UV–visible spectroscopy, photoluminous spectroscopy, EDX, SEM, and TOC analyses confirmed the successful fabrication. Electrical conductivity and charge transfer resistance were analyzed by Mott Schottky and EIS analysis, respectively. Cu/Zr co-doped Co₃O₄@CNTs (CZCO/C) showed 83.45 % AMX and 89.55 % BTB degradation within 90 min. CZCO/C showed enhanced performance due to reduced bandgap energy, and charge recombination rate than CO and CZCO. Overall, the results indicated that the CZCO/C nanocomposite is a promising material for effective photocatalytic applications in environmental remediation.

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评价Cu/Zr共掺杂Co3O4@CNTs纳米复合材料对工业废水中药物和染料的协同去除效果

由于目前光催化剂在降解废水中持久性污染物方面的效率和稳定性不高，水处理面临着挑战。光催化剂应具有较大的比表面积、较好的电子导电性、最小的电荷复合率和可见光有源窄光学带隙概率。采用共沉淀法合成了Co3O4 （CO）和Cu/Zr共掺杂Co3O4 （CZCO）。然后通过超声途径掺入碳纳米管（CNTs），通过增加比表面积和调节带隙能量来提高其效率。考察了制备的样品对阿莫西林（AMX）和溴百里酚蓝染料（BTB）两种模式污染物的光催化降解效率。表征技术，如FTIR， XRD， uv -可见光谱，光致发光光谱，EDX， SEM和TOC分析证实了成功的制造。电导率和电荷转移电阻分别用Mott Schottky和EIS分析。Cu/Zr共掺杂Co3O4@CNTs （CZCO/C）在90 min内对AMX的降解率为83.45%，对BTB的降解率为89.55%。与CO和CZCO相比，CZCO/C的带隙能量和电荷复合率均有所降低，从而提高了性能。综上所述，CZCO/C纳米复合材料在环境修复中具有良好的光催化应用前景。

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来源期刊

Ceramics International 工程技术-材料科学：硅酸盐

CiteScore

9.40

自引率

15.40%

发文量

4558

审稿时长

25 days

期刊介绍： Ceramics International covers the science of advanced ceramic materials. The journal encourages contributions that demonstrate how an understanding of the basic chemical and physical phenomena may direct materials design and stimulate ideas for new or improved processing techniques, in order to obtain materials with desired structural features and properties. Ceramics International covers oxide and non-oxide ceramics, functional glasses, glass ceramics, amorphous inorganic non-metallic materials (and their combinations with metal and organic materials), in the form of particulates, dense or porous bodies, thin/thick films and laminated, graded and composite structures. Process related topics such as ceramic-ceramic joints or joining ceramics with dissimilar materials, as well as surface finishing and conditioning are also covered. Besides traditional processing techniques, manufacturing routes of interest include innovative procedures benefiting from externally applied stresses, electromagnetic fields and energetic beams, as well as top-down and self-assembly nanotechnology approaches. In addition, the journal welcomes submissions on bio-inspired and bio-enabled materials designs, experimentally validated multi scale modelling and simulation for materials design, and the use of the most advanced chemical and physical characterization techniques of structure, properties and behaviour. Technologically relevant low-dimensional systems are a particular focus of Ceramics International. These include 0, 1 and 2-D nanomaterials (also covering CNTs, graphene and related materials, and diamond-like carbons), their nanocomposites, as well as nano-hybrids and hierarchical multifunctional nanostructures that might integrate molecular, biological and electronic components.