Tuning photocatalytic activity of Ce-doped BaTiO3 nanoparticles by encountering acoustic shock wave flow exposure

IF 5.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Ceramics International Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI:10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.147

Surendhar Sakthivel , Sivaprakash Paramasivam , Periyasamy Velusamy , S.A. Martin Britto Dhas , Arumugam Sonachalam , Ikhyun Kim

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Abstract

This article explores the synthesis and characterization of cerium-doped barium titanate (Ce-BaTiO₃) nanoparticles (NPs) for photocatalytic dye degradation application under shock wave flow experimentation. Ce-BaTiO₃ NPs were synthesised by the sol-gel method. We tested the samples with shock wave impulsion (50, 100, and 150) to see how stable the chemical and physical properties of Ce-BaTiO₃ NPs were. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to analyse sample structural properties. The crystallographic characteristics of the Ce-BaTiO₃ NPs were ascertained by performing Rietveld refinement analysis, which confirmed a tetragonal structure with an excellent crystalline nature. Raman spectroscopy measurements revealed that the intensity of the shock wave-treated NPs had decreased. According to FESEM, a decrease in particle size is observed with an increase in the number of shock waves. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) examinations revealed the existence of Ba, Ti, O, and Ce in the Ce-BaTiO₃ NPs, with a shift towards higher binding energy. Optical band gap energies were calculated using Tauc plot relations, and it was shown that, for all test samples, values of band gap increased according to the number of shock pulses. Under visible light irradiation, the photocatalytic efficiency was assessed by looking at the degradation of methyl blue (MB) dye. The present experiment revealed that variables including stress, strain, and bond length significantly influenced photocatalytic application.

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通过声激波暴露调节ce掺杂BaTiO3纳米颗粒的光催化活性

本文研究了在激波流实验下用于光催化染料降解的掺铈钛酸钡纳米粒子（NPs）的合成和表征。采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ce-BaTiO3 NPs。我们用冲击波脉冲（50、100和150）测试了样品，以观察Ce-BaTiO3 NPs的化学和物理性质有多稳定。x射线衍射（XRD）分析了样品的结构性质。通过Rietveld细化分析确定了Ce-BaTiO3 NPs的晶体学特征，证实了其具有优异的晶体性质的四方结构。拉曼光谱测量显示，冲击波处理的NPs强度有所下降。根据FESEM，随着激波数的增加，颗粒尺寸减小。x射线光电子能谱（XPS）测试表明，在Ce- batio3 NPs中存在Ba、Ti、O和Ce，并向更高的结合能方向转变。利用Tauc图关系计算光学带隙能量，结果表明，对于所有测试样品，带隙值随冲击脉冲数的增加而增加。在可见光照射下，通过观察甲基蓝（MB）染料的降解情况来评价其光催化效率。本实验表明，应力、应变和键长等变量对光催化的应用有显著影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Ceramics International 工程技术-材料科学：硅酸盐

CiteScore

9.40

自引率

15.40%

发文量

4558

审稿时长

25 days

期刊介绍： Ceramics International covers the science of advanced ceramic materials. The journal encourages contributions that demonstrate how an understanding of the basic chemical and physical phenomena may direct materials design and stimulate ideas for new or improved processing techniques, in order to obtain materials with desired structural features and properties. Ceramics International covers oxide and non-oxide ceramics, functional glasses, glass ceramics, amorphous inorganic non-metallic materials (and their combinations with metal and organic materials), in the form of particulates, dense or porous bodies, thin/thick films and laminated, graded and composite structures. Process related topics such as ceramic-ceramic joints or joining ceramics with dissimilar materials, as well as surface finishing and conditioning are also covered. Besides traditional processing techniques, manufacturing routes of interest include innovative procedures benefiting from externally applied stresses, electromagnetic fields and energetic beams, as well as top-down and self-assembly nanotechnology approaches. In addition, the journal welcomes submissions on bio-inspired and bio-enabled materials designs, experimentally validated multi scale modelling and simulation for materials design, and the use of the most advanced chemical and physical characterization techniques of structure, properties and behaviour. Technologically relevant low-dimensional systems are a particular focus of Ceramics International. These include 0, 1 and 2-D nanomaterials (also covering CNTs, graphene and related materials, and diamond-like carbons), their nanocomposites, as well as nano-hybrids and hierarchical multifunctional nanostructures that might integrate molecular, biological and electronic components.