Adsorption behavior and mechanism of MB, Pb(II) and Cu(II) on porous geopolymers

IF 5.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Ceramics International Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI:10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.564

Yi Fang , Lang Yang , Feng Rao , Yongming Zheng , Zhenguo Song

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Abstract

In this study, a low-cost porous geopolymers (PGP) were prepared using coal gangue and fly ash as raw materials to remove organic and heavy metal ions from wastewater. Various characterization techniques were employed to investigate the microstructure, morphology, pore size distribution, and surface functional groups of the porous geopolymers. The results indicate that the geopolymer exhibits a porous structure with hydroxyl groups on the surface after foaming. It was found that the porous geopolymers exhibited good adsorption capacity for Methylene Blue (MB), Cu(II), and Pb(II), with optimal adsorption capacities reaching 35.60 mg/g, 98.31 mg/g, and 85.67 mg/g, respectively. Fitting analysis suggests that the adsorption of MB, Cu(II), and Pb(II) is better described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Freundlich isotherm model. This indicates that the adsorption process is primarily chemical adsorption with multilayer adsorption. Competitive adsorption studies showed that Cu(II) could enhance the adsorption of MB, while Pb(II) had no significant effect on the adsorption of MB. Mechanistic studies revealed that the adsorption of MB by PGP is mainly through pore adsorption, electrostatic attraction, and hydrogen bond formation; whereas the adsorption of Cu(II) and Pb(II) is primarily through pore adsorption, electrostatic attraction, chemical reactions, and ion exchange. Recycling experiments demonstrated that after five repetitions, the adsorption capacity of PGP for the three pollutants remained above 60 %. These findings confirm the potential of porous geopolymers as adsorbents. Preliminary cost analysis shows that the adsorption cost of porous geopolymers is only 2.07 RMB/kg, making the geopolymer adsorbent economically advantageous and promising for application, especially considering its ability to utilize industrial solid waste.

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多孔地聚合物对MB、Pb（II）和Cu（II）的吸附行为及机理

本研究以煤矸石和粉煤灰为原料制备了一种低成本的多孔地聚合物（PGP），用于去除废水中的有机和重金属离子。采用各种表征技术研究了多孔地聚合物的微观结构、形态、孔径分布和表面官能团。结果表明，发泡后的地聚合物表面呈现出带有羟基的多孔结构。结果表明，多孔地聚合物对亚甲基蓝（MB）、Cu（II）和Pb（II）具有良好的吸附能力，其最佳吸附容量分别为35.60 mg/g、98.31 mg/g和85.67 mg/g。拟合分析表明，准二级动力学模型和Freundlich等温模型较好地描述了金属对MB、Cu（II）和Pb（II）的吸附。这表明吸附过程主要是化学吸附和多层吸附。竞争吸附研究表明，Cu（II）可以增强MB的吸附，而Pb（II）对MB的吸附没有显著影响。机理研究表明，PGP对MB的吸附主要通过孔吸附、静电吸引和氢键形成；而对Cu（II）和Pb（II）的吸附主要是通过孔隙吸附、静电吸引、化学反应和离子交换。循环实验表明，经过5次循环后，PGP对3种污染物的吸附量仍保持在60%以上。这些发现证实了多孔地聚合物作为吸附剂的潜力。初步的成本分析表明，多孔地聚合物的吸附成本仅为2.07元/千克，特别是考虑到其对工业固体废物的利用能力，具有经济优势，具有广阔的应用前景。

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来源期刊

Ceramics International 工程技术-材料科学：硅酸盐

CiteScore

9.40

自引率

15.40%

发文量

4558

审稿时长

25 days

期刊介绍： Ceramics International covers the science of advanced ceramic materials. The journal encourages contributions that demonstrate how an understanding of the basic chemical and physical phenomena may direct materials design and stimulate ideas for new or improved processing techniques, in order to obtain materials with desired structural features and properties. Ceramics International covers oxide and non-oxide ceramics, functional glasses, glass ceramics, amorphous inorganic non-metallic materials (and their combinations with metal and organic materials), in the form of particulates, dense or porous bodies, thin/thick films and laminated, graded and composite structures. Process related topics such as ceramic-ceramic joints or joining ceramics with dissimilar materials, as well as surface finishing and conditioning are also covered. Besides traditional processing techniques, manufacturing routes of interest include innovative procedures benefiting from externally applied stresses, electromagnetic fields and energetic beams, as well as top-down and self-assembly nanotechnology approaches. In addition, the journal welcomes submissions on bio-inspired and bio-enabled materials designs, experimentally validated multi scale modelling and simulation for materials design, and the use of the most advanced chemical and physical characterization techniques of structure, properties and behaviour. Technologically relevant low-dimensional systems are a particular focus of Ceramics International. These include 0, 1 and 2-D nanomaterials (also covering CNTs, graphene and related materials, and diamond-like carbons), their nanocomposites, as well as nano-hybrids and hierarchical multifunctional nanostructures that might integrate molecular, biological and electronic components.