The Role of Viral Infections in Acute Kidney Injury and Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy.

IF 4.5 3区医学 Q2 CELL & TISSUE ENGINEERING

Stem Cell Reviews and Reports Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI:10.1007/s12015-025-10873-0

Omer Qutaiba B Allela, Noor Adel Mohammed Ali, Gaurav Sanghvi, R Roopashree, Aditya Kashyap, T Krithiga, Rajashree Panigrahi, Aziz Kubaev, Radhwan Abdul Kareem, Hayder Naji Sameer, Ahmed Yaseen, Zainab H Athab, Mohaned Adil

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Abstract

Viruses may cause a wide range of renal problems. Furthermore, many kidney diseases may be brought on by viral infections. Both the primary cause and a contributing factor of acute kidney injury (AKI) may be viral infections. As an example, it is recommended that patients with dengue virus (DENV) infections undergo careful monitoring of their AKI levels. Also, researchers' data so far lend credence to the several hypothesized pathophysiological mechanisms via which AKI can develop in SARS-CoV- 2 infection. Thus, it is critical to comprehend how viral infections cause AKI. Finding an effective method of treating AKI caused by viruses is also vital. Thus, a potential cell-free method for treating AKI that uses regenerative and anti-inflammatory processes is mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their exosomes (MSC-EXOs). MSCs alleviate tissue damage and enhance protective effects on damaged kidneys in AKI. Furthermore, MSC-EXOs have exhibited substantial regulatory impact on a range of immune cells and exhibit robust immune regulation in the therapy of AKI. Thus, in models of AKI caused by ischemia-reperfusion damage, nephrotoxins, or sepsis, MSCs and MSC-EXOs improved renal function, decreased inflammation, and improved healing. Therefore, MSCs and MSC-EXOs may help treat AKI caused by different viruses. Consequently, we have explored several innovative and significant processes in this work that pertain to the role of viruses in AKI and the significance of viral illness in the onset of AKI. After that, we assessed the key aspects of MSCs and MSC-EXOs for AKI therapy. We have concluded by outlining the current state of and plans for future research into MSC- and EXO-based therapeutic approaches for the treatment of AKI brought on by viruses.

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病毒可导致多种肾脏问题。此外，许多肾脏疾病都可能由病毒感染引起。急性肾损伤（AKI）的主因和诱因都可能是病毒感染。例如，建议登革热病毒（DENV）感染患者仔细监测其急性肾损伤水平。此外，研究人员迄今为止获得的数据也证实了几种假设的病理生理机制，即 SARS-CoV- 2 感染可导致 AKI。因此，了解病毒感染如何导致 AKI 至关重要。找到治疗病毒引起的 AKI 的有效方法也至关重要。因此，间充质干细胞（MSCs）及其外泌体（MSC-EXOs）是一种利用再生和抗炎过程治疗 AKI 的潜在无细胞方法。间充质干细胞可减轻组织损伤，增强对 AKI 中受损肾脏的保护作用。此外，间充质干细胞外泌体对一系列免疫细胞具有实质性的调节作用，在治疗 AKI 中表现出强大的免疫调节功能。因此，在缺血再灌注损伤、肾毒素或败血症引起的 AKI 模型中，间充质干细胞和间充质干细胞-EXOs 可改善肾功能、减少炎症反应并改善愈合。因此，间充质干细胞和间充质干细胞-EXOs 可能有助于治疗由不同病毒引起的 AKI。因此，我们在这项工作中探索了与病毒在 AKI 中的作用以及病毒性疾病在 AKI 发病中的意义有关的几个创新性重要过程。随后，我们评估了间充质干细胞和间充质干细胞-EXOs 治疗 AKI 的关键方面。最后，我们概述了基于间充质干细胞和EXO的病毒性AKI治疗方法的研究现状和未来计划。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Stem Cell Reviews and Reports 医学-细胞生物学

CiteScore

9.30

自引率

4.20%

发文量

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： The purpose of Stem Cell Reviews and Reports is to cover contemporary and emerging areas in stem cell research and regenerative medicine. The journal will consider for publication: i) solicited or unsolicited reviews of topical areas of stem cell biology that highlight, critique and synthesize recent important findings in the field. ii) full length and short reports presenting original experimental work. iii) translational stem cell studies describing results of clinical trials using stem cells as therapeutics. iv) papers focused on diseases of stem cells. v) hypothesis and commentary articles as opinion-based pieces in which authors can propose a new theory, interpretation of a controversial area in stem cell biology, or a stem cell biology question or paradigm. These articles contain more speculation than reviews, but they should be based on solid rationale. vi) protocols as peer-reviewed procedures that provide step-by-step descriptions, outlined in sufficient detail, so that both experts and novices can apply them to their own research. vii) letters to the editor and correspondence. In order to facilitate this exchange of scientific information and exciting novel ideas, the journal has created five thematic sections, focusing on: i) the role of adult stem cells in tissue regeneration; ii) progress in research on induced pluripotent stem cells, embryonic stem cells and mechanism governing embryogenesis and tissue development; iii) the role of microenvironment and extracellular microvesicles in directing the fate of stem cells; iv) mechanisms of stem cell trafficking, stem cell mobilization and homing with special emphasis on hematopoiesis; v) the role of stem cells in aging processes and cancerogenesis.