Postulations for the Migration Behavior of Amino Acids as Cations in Capillary Zone Electrophoresis.

IF 3 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

ELECTROPHORESIS Pub Date : 2025-04-09 DOI:10.1002/elps.202400205

Peter Gross, Tom Huber, Isabel Lunow, Dominik Burkhard, Holger Seelert, Rolf Müller

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Abstract

Amino acids (AAs) in their cationic form at pH 2.2 and usual ionic strength show a non-intuitive migration order in CZE. This is explained by setting up four postulates. The central points in these postulates are the influence of the AA side chain on the $p K_{a}$ value and the adoption of a defined, preferred conformation to build up the different $p K_{a}$ values. This conformation then also influences the hydrodynamic radius. The rotational orientation of an AA in the electric field aligns it, which also affects the hydrodynamic radius. Overall a special electrophoretical hydrodynamic radius is postulated and distinguished from the hydrodynamic radius, which is determined by the translational diffusion constant. With the help of the four postulates, the migration order could be explained. Glutamic acid has a special feature in this study: due to its observed higher mobility than the smaller and even higher charged aspartic acid, the hypothesis is that it would deprotonate first at the C5 and not at the C1 carboxylic group as all other AAs. This has the consequence of a more streamlined conformation and by that a faster migration in capillary electrophoresis.

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来源期刊

ELECTROPHORESIS 生物-分析化学

CiteScore

6.30

自引率

13.80%

发文量

244

审稿时长

1.9 months

期刊介绍： ELECTROPHORESIS is an international journal that publishes original manuscripts on all aspects of electrophoresis, and liquid phase separations (e.g., HPLC, micro- and nano-LC, UHPLC, micro- and nano-fluidics, liquid-phase micro-extractions, etc.). Topics include new or improved analytical and preparative methods, sample preparation, development of theory, and innovative applications of electrophoretic and liquid phase separations methods in the study of nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates natural products, pharmaceuticals, food analysis, environmental species and other compounds of importance to the life sciences. Papers in the areas of microfluidics and proteomics, which are not limited to electrophoresis-based methods, will also be accepted for publication. Contributions focused on hyphenated and omics techniques are also of interest. Proteomics is within the scope, if related to its fundamentals and new technical approaches. Proteomics applications are only considered in particular cases. Papers describing the application of standard electrophoretic methods will not be considered. Papers on nanoanalysis intended for publication in ELECTROPHORESIS should focus on one or more of the following topics: • Nanoscale electrokinetics and phenomena related to electric double layer and/or confinement in nano-sized geometry • Single cell and subcellular analysis • Nanosensors and ultrasensitive detection aspects (e.g., involving quantum dots, "nanoelectrodes" or nanospray MS) • Nanoscale/nanopore DNA sequencing (next generation sequencing) • Micro- and nanoscale sample preparation • Nanoparticles and cells analyses by dielectrophoresis • Separation-based analysis using nanoparticles, nanotubes and nanowires.