Malnutrition Risk among the 2022 National Survey of Older Americans Act Program: A Cross-Sectional Study.

IF 3.5 2区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Pub Date : 2025-04-06 DOI:10.1016/j.jand.2025.04.003

Jaime J Gahche, Lydia McGrath, Shirley Chao, Judy Simon, Laura Borth, Mary Beth Arensberg, Johanna T Dwyer

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Inclusion of malnutrition risk screening information in the 2022 National Survey of Older Americans Act Participants (NSOAAP) provided a first-time opportunity to estimate malnutrition risk in a representative sample of Older Americans Act (OAA) program participants.

Objective: Describe malnutrition risk prevalence and associated characteristics among 2022 NSOAAP participants, focusing particularly on those in home-delivered meal (HDM) and congregate meal (CM) programs.

Design: Cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample of 5 OAA service programs.

Participants/setting: OAA nutrition (HDM, n = 941; CM, n = 738) and non-nutrition (homemaker, n = 457; case management, n = 490; transportation, n = 905) program participants in the 2022 NSOAAP.

Main outcome measures: Malnutrition risk evaluated with the Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST). MST scores range 0 to 5, with ≥2 = malnutrition risk.

Statistical analyses: Malnutrition risk prevalence was estimated within each OAA program and by demographic and health characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed for HDM and CM participants to assess associations between malnutrition risk and duration of OAA nutrition program participation, food insecurity, and percentage of daily food intake from OAA meals, after adjusting for covariates.

Results: Total malnutrition risk prevalence was 19.5%; by program type, it was 19.4% HDM, 16.7% CM, 22.5% homemaker, 22.1% case management, and 21.4% transportation, with no statistically significant differences between programs. Participants receiving HDMs for 2 to 5 years were 72% less likely to be at malnutrition risk compared with those receiving HDMs for ≤6 months (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.28; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 0.19-0.44; P < .05). No association between malnutrition risk and length receiving meals among CM participants was observed. Associations between risk and percentage daily food intake from OAA meals or food insecurity were not observed for HDM or CM participants.

Conclusion: Approximately one-fifth of OAA program participants were at malnutrition risk in 2022 across all programs, and evidence suggested that risk may decline with continued HDM OAA nutrition program participation.

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2022年美国老年人法案项目全国调查中的营养不良风险：一项横断面研究。

背景：在2022年美国老年人法案参与者全国调查（NSOAAP）中纳入营养不良风险筛查信息，首次提供了评估美国老年人法案（OAA）项目参与者代表性样本营养不良风险的机会。目的：描述2022年NSOAAP参与者的营养不良风险患病率和相关特征，特别关注家庭送餐（HDM）和套餐（CM）计划的参与者。设计：对五个OAA服务项目的全国代表性样本进行横断面研究。参与者/环境：OAA营养(HDM, n=941；CM, n=738)和非营养(家庭主妇，n=457；病例管理，n=490；交通运输，n=905)项目参与者在2022年NSOAAP。主要结局指标：用营养不良筛查工具（MST）评估营养不良风险。MST评分范围为0-5，bbb2 =营养不良风险。统计分析：在每个OAA项目中，根据人口和健康特征估计营养不良风险流行率。在调整协变量后，为HDM和CM参与者构建了多变量logistic回归模型，以评估营养不良风险与参加OAA营养计划的时间、粮食不安全以及每日从OAA膳食中摄取食物的百分比之间的关系。结果：总营养不良风险患病率为19.5%；按节目类型划分，HDM为19.4%，CM为16.7%，家庭护理为22.5%，病例管理为22.1%，交通运输为21.4%，节目之间无统计学差异。与接受HDMs的参与者相比，接受HDMs 2-5年的参与者发生营养不良风险的可能性降低了72%。结论：2022年，所有项目中约有五分之一的OAA项目参与者存在营养不良风险，有证据表明，继续参加HDM OAA营养项目，风险可能会下降。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics NUTRITION & DIETETICS-

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

10.40%

发文量

649

审稿时长

68 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics is the premier source for the practice and science of food, nutrition, and dietetics. The monthly, peer-reviewed journal presents original articles prepared by scholars and practitioners and is the most widely read professional publication in the field. The Journal focuses on advancing professional knowledge across the range of research and practice issues such as: nutritional science, medical nutrition therapy, public health nutrition, food science and biotechnology, foodservice systems, leadership and management, and dietetics education.