Jaime J Gahche, Lydia McGrath, Shirley Chao, Judy Simon, Laura Borth, Mary Beth Arensberg, Johanna T Dwyer
{"title":"Malnutrition Risk among the 2022 National Survey of Older Americans Act Program: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Jaime J Gahche, Lydia McGrath, Shirley Chao, Judy Simon, Laura Borth, Mary Beth Arensberg, Johanna T Dwyer","doi":"10.1016/j.jand.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inclusion of malnutrition risk screening information in the 2022 National Survey of Older Americans Act Participants (NSOAAP) provided a first-time opportunity to estimate malnutrition risk in a representative sample of Older Americans Act (OAA) program participants.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Describe malnutrition risk prevalence and associated characteristics among 2022 NSOAAP participants, focusing particularly on those in home-delivered meal (HDM) and congregate meal (CM) programs.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample of five OAA service programs.</p><p><strong>Participants/setting: </strong>OAA nutrition (HDM, n=941; CM, n=738) and non-nutrition (homemaker, n=457; case management, n=490; transportation, n=905) program participants in the 2022 NSOAAP.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Malnutrition risk evaluated with the Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST). MST scores range 0-5, with >2=malnutrition risk.</p><p><strong>Statistical analyses: </strong>Malnutrition risk prevalence was estimated within each OAA program and by demographic and health characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed for HDM and CM participants to assess associations between malnutrition risk and duration of OAA nutrition program participation, food insecurity, and percent of daily food intake from OAA meals, after adjusting for covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total malnutrition risk prevalence was 19.5%; by program type it was 19.4% HDM, 16.7% CM, 22.5% homemaker, 22.1% case management, and 21.4% transportation, with no statistically significant differences between programs. Participants receiving HDMs for 2-5 years were 72% less likely to be at malnutrition risk compared with those receiving HDMs for <6 months (adjusted OR: 0.28; 95% Cl: 0.19-0.44; p<0.05). No association between malnutrition risk and length receiving meals among CM participants was observed. Associations between risk and percent daily food intake from OAA meals or food insecurity were not observed for HDM or CM participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Approximately one-fifth of OAA program participants were at malnutrition risk in 2022 across all programs, and there was evidence that risk may decline with continued HDM OAA nutrition program participation.</p>","PeriodicalId":379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2025.04.003","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"NUTRITION & DIETETICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Inclusion of malnutrition risk screening information in the 2022 National Survey of Older Americans Act Participants (NSOAAP) provided a first-time opportunity to estimate malnutrition risk in a representative sample of Older Americans Act (OAA) program participants.
Objective: Describe malnutrition risk prevalence and associated characteristics among 2022 NSOAAP participants, focusing particularly on those in home-delivered meal (HDM) and congregate meal (CM) programs.
Design: Cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample of five OAA service programs.
Participants/setting: OAA nutrition (HDM, n=941; CM, n=738) and non-nutrition (homemaker, n=457; case management, n=490; transportation, n=905) program participants in the 2022 NSOAAP.
Main outcome measures: Malnutrition risk evaluated with the Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST). MST scores range 0-5, with >2=malnutrition risk.
Statistical analyses: Malnutrition risk prevalence was estimated within each OAA program and by demographic and health characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed for HDM and CM participants to assess associations between malnutrition risk and duration of OAA nutrition program participation, food insecurity, and percent of daily food intake from OAA meals, after adjusting for covariates.
Results: Total malnutrition risk prevalence was 19.5%; by program type it was 19.4% HDM, 16.7% CM, 22.5% homemaker, 22.1% case management, and 21.4% transportation, with no statistically significant differences between programs. Participants receiving HDMs for 2-5 years were 72% less likely to be at malnutrition risk compared with those receiving HDMs for <6 months (adjusted OR: 0.28; 95% Cl: 0.19-0.44; p<0.05). No association between malnutrition risk and length receiving meals among CM participants was observed. Associations between risk and percent daily food intake from OAA meals or food insecurity were not observed for HDM or CM participants.
Conclusion: Approximately one-fifth of OAA program participants were at malnutrition risk in 2022 across all programs, and there was evidence that risk may decline with continued HDM OAA nutrition program participation.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics is the premier source for the practice and science of food, nutrition, and dietetics. The monthly, peer-reviewed journal presents original articles prepared by scholars and practitioners and is the most widely read professional publication in the field. The Journal focuses on advancing professional knowledge across the range of research and practice issues such as: nutritional science, medical nutrition therapy, public health nutrition, food science and biotechnology, foodservice systems, leadership and management, and dietetics education.
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
