Extracts of Nauclea latifolia (African Peach) Roots Attenuate Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Hepatic and Renal Damage in Wistar Rats Induced by Arsenic and High-Fat Diet

Abstract

Arsenic is an internationally recognized groundwater pollutant. Arsenic exposure causes a number of negative consequences on the human body, including the upsurge of oxidant. Nutrition is a significant susceptibility factor for arsenic toxicity through various conceivable pathways. The rise of high-fat diets in numerous countries leads to an increase in chronic, noncommunicable diseases. This research examined how Nauclea latifolia could reduce oxidative stress, inflammation, and distortion to the liver and kidneys in Wistar rats exposed to high-fat diets and arsenic. Five groups of five rats each were treated daily for 6 weeks. Rats fed only with high-fat diet with arsenic exhibited considerable elevations in proinflammatory markers, urea, creatinine, and liver enzymes, alongside significant decreases in SOD, CAT, and GSH levels. Treatment with silymarin and N. latifolia root extract prevented oxidative stress and elevated liver enzyme activity and kidney function biomarkers. The rats subjected to a high-fat diet and arsenic suffered significant damage to the histology of the liver and kidney. However, treatment with extracts and silymarin protected the kidney and the liver damage. N. latifolia roots may attenuate the toxic consequences of diets high in fat and arsenic on the renal system and the liver by lowering reactive oxygen molecules and improving renal and liver function. Thus, N. latifolia roots could serve as a natural agent to prevent hepatorenal toxicity.