{"title":"A theoretical rethinking of ecosystem services from the perspective of social-ecological system","authors":"Wei Jiang , Rainer Marggraf","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2025.112309","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ecosystem service (ES) research has grown rapidly, but emergent concepts such as disservices, supply-demand, relationships, and flows remain fragmented. An increasing consensus emphasizes that ecosystems cannot deliver services without human inputs, positioning ES as coproducts of coupled social-ecological systems (SES). This necessitates a theoretical rethinking of ES concepts from an SES perspective to advance comprehensive ES science. Through the SES lens, ES quantity and value are redefined as interactions between ecosystem supply and human demand. ES relationships are clarified by distinguishing inherent bundle characteristics from SES-level equilibria, which underpin cross-system flows. The framework integrates these advances by grounding ES in human-ecosystem interdependence, linking supply-demand dynamics to ES realization, resolving ambiguities in relationships through equilibrium analysis, and framing flows as outcomes of SES equilibria. By unifying these concepts, the framework addresses current inconsistencies and charts future research priorities: optimizing supply-demand balance, analyzing SES equilibria mechanisms, and modeling cross-system flow pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":342,"journal":{"name":"iScience","volume":"28 5","pages":"Article 112309"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"iScience","FirstCategoryId":"103","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S258900422500570X","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Ecosystem service (ES) research has grown rapidly, but emergent concepts such as disservices, supply-demand, relationships, and flows remain fragmented. An increasing consensus emphasizes that ecosystems cannot deliver services without human inputs, positioning ES as coproducts of coupled social-ecological systems (SES). This necessitates a theoretical rethinking of ES concepts from an SES perspective to advance comprehensive ES science. Through the SES lens, ES quantity and value are redefined as interactions between ecosystem supply and human demand. ES relationships are clarified by distinguishing inherent bundle characteristics from SES-level equilibria, which underpin cross-system flows. The framework integrates these advances by grounding ES in human-ecosystem interdependence, linking supply-demand dynamics to ES realization, resolving ambiguities in relationships through equilibrium analysis, and framing flows as outcomes of SES equilibria. By unifying these concepts, the framework addresses current inconsistencies and charts future research priorities: optimizing supply-demand balance, analyzing SES equilibria mechanisms, and modeling cross-system flow pathways.
期刊介绍:
Science has many big remaining questions. To address them, we will need to work collaboratively and across disciplines. The goal of iScience is to help fuel that type of interdisciplinary thinking. iScience is a new open-access journal from Cell Press that provides a platform for original research in the life, physical, and earth sciences. The primary criterion for publication in iScience is a significant contribution to a relevant field combined with robust results and underlying methodology. The advances appearing in iScience include both fundamental and applied investigations across this interdisciplinary range of topic areas. To support transparency in scientific investigation, we are happy to consider replication studies and papers that describe negative results.
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