Cleaner horizons: Exploring advanced technologies for pollution remediation

Abstract

Soil pollution causes many harmful effects by its contaminants or pollutants, which are known as soil pollutants. They are causing serious problems in plants as well as in humans. By entering into plants, harmful chemicals become part of the food chain. When humans consume contaminated food, it has harmful effects on human health. Pollutants are making soil unfit for living. Many techniques are being used for the remediation of soil pollution. Some are traditional techniques; some are innovative and effective as emerging science and technology are going on. In this review, we have discussed some significant methods, their aspects, and how they are playing their role in the remediation. Biological methods such as living organisms, chemical, and genetic manipulation are modern techniques that are being used for soil pollution remediation. Genetic manipulations sometimes change the enzyme processes, which enhance the whole activity by changing some of the proteins of organisms related to enzymes. Pollution remediation can be done by the process of bio-augmentation, which uses different types of strains of microbes for treatment. As there is an increase in the formation of OH compounds, advanced oxidation technologies are being introduced to treat them. Trace metals and heavy metals are also a big problem for soil pollution, which can be treated by phytoremediation techniques that use many different strategies. Nanoparticles are also being used for the treatment of compounds like nitrates, manganese, arsenic, etc. This review will guide you through the different technologies for soil pollution remediation.