Thermodynamic design and assessment of a self-powered plant using integrated solar and biomass system with energy storage solutions

Abstract

This study develops a solar-powered energy system that integrates a solar tower, multistage gas turbines, an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), biomass and plastic gasification subsystems, and Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) and evaluates its performance. The present system is then assessed by considering thermodynamic, economic and environmental aspects, highlighting its efficiency in waste biomass and plastic utilization for energy conversion while minimizing exergy losses. The system achieves an annual AC energy production of 41,304,708 kWh, with an overall energy efficiency of 31 % and exergy efficiency of 53 %, highlighting its effective energy recovery and utilization. The biomass and plastic gasification subsystem stand out with 61 % energy efficiency, showcasing its capability to efficiently convert organic and synthetic waste into usable energy. Additionally, the CAES subsystem provides excellent energy storage and peak power delivery, enhancing system flexibility and reliability. The solar tower subsystem contributes significantly by harnessing solar energy, reflecting the systems strong alignment with renewable energy goals. A sustainability assessment is also conducted, to study some aspects of energy, exergy, and resource utilization efficiency to support a long-term environmental viability. Economically, the system demonstrates the potential for further cost optimization and scalability as technologies mature, with strategic improvements in key components expected to enhance long-term financial sustainability. The present system is further considered for potential implementation in the city of Isparta, Turkey, a region well suited for solar energy production and biomass utilization, providing a location-specific approach to optimizing renewable energy integration.