Advancements in skin tissue regeneration: Unveiling emerging treatment strategies, regulatory perspectives, and future directions for enhanced healing

Abstract

Tissue regeneration is critical for preserving tissue and organ shape and function, and epithelial stem cells play a crucial role in controlling the process. The epidermis, derived from the ectoderm, has natural regenerative qualities that aid in skin regeneration and healing. Tissue engineering, often known as regenerative medicine, provides promising options for overcoming the limits of traditional autologous and allogenic tissue repair approaches. While autologous cell/tissue transplantation is promising, it has drawbacks such as donor site morbidity and restricted availability. Alternatives such as allografts, homologous grafts, xenografts, and alloplastic grafts help to progress regenerative medicine, but they also carry hazards. Synthetic grafts and tissue-engineered scaffolds promote healing, moisture retention, and bacterial growth inhibition, resulting in a favorable 3D milieu for tissue regeneration. Current skin tissue regeneration solutions highlight the use of topical antimicrobial drugs and nanofibrous scaffolds containing antimicrobial compounds, utilizing biomimetic artificial matrix tailoring. The electrospinning process enables the creation of multifunctional, bioactive 3D scaffolds. Rising nano-formulations can revolutionize wound treatment, resulting in better patient outcomes, lower healthcare costs, and a higher quality of life, highlighting ongoing advances in skin tissue regeneration. This review comprehensively delves into the intricacies of skin tissue regeneration pathophysiology while illuminating a spectrum of cutting-edge strategies. These include nanofiber technologies, nano-emulsion approaches, hydrogel formulations, gene therapy interventions, and the transformative potential of 3D-bioprinting techniques in the realm of tissue regeneration. Furthermore, a special emphasis was given to regulatory perspectives and future directions.