Thermal comfort and structural optimization of Shavadans: a multi-criteria approach

Abstract

Shavadans, as a part of traditional Iranian architecture, have significant potential for providing thermal comfort in hot and semi-humid climates. This study investigates the thermal comfort of ten Shavadans in Dezful during the summer. Data on air temperature, relative humidity, and airflow were collected and combined with surveys from residents. The results indicate that air temperatures at depths greater than 5 m fall within the comfort range, with an optimal depth of approximately 7 m. The neutral temperature for thermal comfort is 24.5 °C. Multi-criteria decision-making methods (TOPSIS and VIKOR) were used to identify the Shavadans with the most favorable thermal and humidity conditions. The findings highlight the importance of optimally placing ventilation shafts (Darizehs) and utilizing natural ventilation to improve Shavadan conditions. This study also offers strategies for integrating these structures into contemporary architecture.