Urinary paraben concentrations among children from the northernmost of Thailand: Cross-sectional study for exposure and health risks

IF 6.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118172

Pussadee Laor , Yanin Limpanont , Suparat Phuanukoonnon , Younglim Kho , Kyungho Choi , Wissanupong Kliengchuay , Subeen Park , Kraichat Tantrakarnapa

{"title":"Urinary paraben concentrations among children from the northernmost of Thailand: Cross-sectional study for exposure and health risks","authors":"Pussadee Laor , Yanin Limpanont , Suparat Phuanukoonnon , Younglim Kho , Kyungho Choi , Wissanupong Kliengchuay , Subeen Park , Kraichat Tantrakarnapa","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118172","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parabens are widely used as antimicrobial preservatives in foods, personal care, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products. The metabolization of parabens in the human body is excreted via urine in free plus conjugated forms. Currently, the prevalent use of parabens has increased alarms about health risks linked with endocrine disrupting effects. A cross-sectional study was used to gather information from participants in Chiang Rai province. The purposes of the study are to investigate paraben concentrations in urine, to analyze the correlation of urinary parabens, and to assess health risks among children in pre-schools and primary schools. Overall, 140 first morning void urine samples were collected and measured by LC-MS/MS to determine methyl paraben (MeP), ethyl paraben (EtP), and propyl paraben (PrP). The detection rate and geometric mean without adjusting and adjusting urine specific gravity of MeP, EtP, and PrP in overall samples were (100.00 %; 27.94 µg/L; 30.14 µg/L), (46.43 %; 0.77 µg/L; 0.83 µg/L), and (97.86 %; 2.80 µg/L; 3.02 µg/L), respectively. Almost three urinary paraben concentrations in pre-schools were higher than in primary schools. The highest significant positive correlation of parabens (<em>p</em> < 0.01) was MeP and PrP both in pre-schools and primary schools. The geometric mean of estimated daily intake (EDI <sub>urine</sub>) for MeP, EtP, and PrP were 6.27, 0.22, and 1.09 µg/kg-bw/day, respectively. The estimated daily intake and health risks indicated PrP led to potential human health risks at 5.70 % of overall samples. Additionally, Thai children are widely exposed to parabens and relatively higher PrP and MeP exposure than the concentration reported in several countries. This is the first study assessing urinary parabens in Thailand. The finding demonstrates that children’s exposure to parabens in the study areas would impact their health, so there should be confirmation for further management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"295 ","pages":"Article 118172"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325005081","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Parabens are widely used as antimicrobial preservatives in foods, personal care, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products. The metabolization of parabens in the human body is excreted via urine in free plus conjugated forms. Currently, the prevalent use of parabens has increased alarms about health risks linked with endocrine disrupting effects. A cross-sectional study was used to gather information from participants in Chiang Rai province. The purposes of the study are to investigate paraben concentrations in urine, to analyze the correlation of urinary parabens, and to assess health risks among children in pre-schools and primary schools. Overall, 140 first morning void urine samples were collected and measured by LC-MS/MS to determine methyl paraben (MeP), ethyl paraben (EtP), and propyl paraben (PrP). The detection rate and geometric mean without adjusting and adjusting urine specific gravity of MeP, EtP, and PrP in overall samples were (100.00 %; 27.94 µg/L; 30.14 µg/L), (46.43 %; 0.77 µg/L; 0.83 µg/L), and (97.86 %; 2.80 µg/L; 3.02 µg/L), respectively. Almost three urinary paraben concentrations in pre-schools were higher than in primary schools. The highest significant positive correlation of parabens (p < 0.01) was MeP and PrP both in pre-schools and primary schools. The geometric mean of estimated daily intake (EDI _urine) for MeP, EtP, and PrP were 6.27, 0.22, and 1.09 µg/kg-bw/day, respectively. The estimated daily intake and health risks indicated PrP led to potential human health risks at 5.70 % of overall samples. Additionally, Thai children are widely exposed to parabens and relatively higher PrP and MeP exposure than the concentration reported in several countries. This is the first study assessing urinary parabens in Thailand. The finding demonstrates that children’s exposure to parabens in the study areas would impact their health, so there should be confirmation for further management.

查看原文本刊更多论文

泰国最北部儿童尿中对羟基苯甲酸酯浓度：暴露和健康风险的横断面研究

对羟基苯甲酸酯被广泛用作食品、个人护理、化妆品和医药产品中的抗菌防腐剂。对羟基苯甲酸酯在人体内的代谢是通过尿液以游离加共轭形式排出。目前，对羟基苯甲酸酯的普遍使用增加了与内分泌干扰作用有关的健康风险的警报。一项横断面研究用于收集清莱省参与者的信息。本研究的目的是调查尿中对羟基苯甲酸酯的浓度，分析尿中对羟基苯甲酸酯的相关性，并评估学龄前和小学儿童的健康风险。总体而言，收集140份晨起空尿样本，采用LC-MS/MS测定对羟基苯甲酸甲酯（MeP）、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯（EtP）和对羟基苯甲酸丙酯（PrP）。未调整和调整尿比重的MeP、EtP、PrP在整体样本中的检出率和几何平均值为(100.00 %； 27.94µg / L; 30.14µg / L)(46.43 %; 0.77µg / L;0.83 µg/L), 97.86 %； 2.80µg / L;分别3.02 µg / L)。学龄前儿童尿液中对羟基苯甲酸酯的浓度几乎高于小学。对羟基苯甲酸酯在学前和小学的MeP和PrP呈显著正相关（p <； 0.01）。MeP、EtP和PrP的估计日摄入量几何平均值（EDI尿）分别为6.27、0.22和1.09 µg/kg-bw/day。估计的每日摄入量和健康风险表明，PrP导致潜在的人类健康风险为5.70% %。此外，泰国儿童广泛接触对羟基苯甲酸酯，PrP和MeP的接触浓度比几个国家报告的要高。这是泰国第一个评估尿液对羟基苯甲酸酯的研究。研究结果表明，儿童在研究区域接触对羟基苯甲酸酯会影响他们的健康，因此应该确认进一步的管理。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 环境科学-毒理学

CiteScore

12.10

自引率

5.90%

发文量

1234

审稿时长

88 days

期刊介绍： Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety is a multi-disciplinary journal that focuses on understanding the exposure and effects of environmental contamination on organisms including human health. The scope of the journal covers three main themes. The topics within these themes, indicated below, include (but are not limited to) the following: Ecotoxicology、Environmental Chemistry、Environmental Safety etc.