Risk assessment of aflatoxin exposure for consumers of in natura and blanched peanuts from Brazil from 2016 to 2019

IF 3.9 3区医学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food and Chemical Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-04-05 DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2025.115437

André Ribeiro da Silva , Elisabete Yurie Sataque Ono , Igor Massahiro de Souza Suguiura , Tuany Marin Pomini , Eiko Nakagawa Itano , Osamu Kawamura , Leonardo Fonseca Maciel , Elisa Yoko Hirooka

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Abstract

Aflatoxins (AFs), carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced mainly by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, are frequently associated with the peanut chain worldwide, and affect grain quality, reducing the commercial value. Brazil is ranked as the third peanut producer in the American continent and the State of São Paulo produces 91 % of Brazilian peanuts, of which 80 % are exported to Russia, Algeria, South Africa and Poland. This study aimed to assess the risk of aflatoxin exposure for peanut consumers from Brazil. Aflatoxins in 426 peanut samples from a food industry located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, belonging to three sequential crops (2016/17, n = 77; 2017/18, n = 150; 2018/19, n = 199) were analyzed by Immunoaffinity Column-fluorometry. Mean total AFs in positive samples ranged from 6.96 to 11.1 ng g⁻¹ (in natura, n = 363) and from 3.83 to 8.2 ng g⁻¹ (blanched, n = 63) in the peanut batches. The mean probable daily intake (PDI) of aflatoxins was 0.11 (2016/17), 0.06 (2017/18), and 0.12 ng kg⁻¹ body weight (bw) day⁻¹ (2018/19) for the Brazilian population. For countries that import Brazilian peanuts, the aflatoxin PDI ranged from 0.06 (Russia) to 0.19 ng kg ^˗1 bw day ^˗1 (Poland). MOE (margin of exposure) values ranged from 895 (Poland, 2018/19) to 2833 (Brazil and Russia, 2017/2018). Although the mean PDI values were lower than the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake of 1.0 ng kg ^˗1 bw day ^˗1, MOE values indicated a possible health problem for the Brazilian population and for the populations in countries that import and consume Brazilian peanuts.

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2016年至2019年巴西天然花生和漂白花生消费者黄曲霉毒素暴露风险评估

黄曲霉毒素（aflatoxin, AFs）是主要由黄曲霉（Aspergillus flavus）和寄生曲霉（A. parasiticus）产生的致癌性次生代谢物，在世界范围内经常与花生链相关，影响粮食品质，降低商品价值。巴西是美洲大陆第三大花生生产国，圣保罗州生产了91%的巴西花生，其中80%出口到俄罗斯、阿尔及利亚、南非和波兰。本研究旨在评估巴西花生消费者接触黄曲霉毒素的风险。来自巴西圣保罗州一家食品工业的426份花生样品中的黄曲霉毒素，属于三种连续作物(2016/17,n=77；2017/18, n = 150;2018/19, n=199)采用免疫亲和柱荧光法进行分析。花生批次阳性样品的平均总AFs范围为6.96 ~ 11.1 ng g-1（天然，n=363）， 3.83 ~ 8.2 ng g-1（焯水，n=63）。巴西人群黄曲霉毒素的平均每日可能摄入量（PDI）分别为0.11（2016/17）、0.06（2017/18）和0.12 ng kg-1体重（bw） day-1（2018/19）。对于进口巴西花生的国家，黄曲霉毒素PDI从0.06（俄罗斯）到0.19 ng kg -1 bw -1（波兰）不等。MOE（敞口边际）值从895（波兰，2018/19）到2,833（巴西和俄罗斯，2017/2018）不等。虽然平均PDI值低于临时最大可耐受日摄入量1.0纳克千克-1 bw -1，但MOE值表明巴西人口以及进口和消费巴西花生的国家的人口可能存在健康问题。

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来源期刊

Food and Chemical Toxicology 工程技术-毒理学

CiteScore

10.90

自引率

4.70%

发文量

651

审稿时长

31 days

期刊介绍： Food and Chemical Toxicology (FCT), an internationally renowned journal, that publishes original research articles and reviews on toxic effects, in animals and humans, of natural or synthetic chemicals occurring in the human environment with particular emphasis on food, drugs, and chemicals, including agricultural and industrial safety, and consumer product safety. Areas such as safety evaluation of novel foods and ingredients, biotechnologically-derived products, and nanomaterials are included in the scope of the journal. FCT also encourages submission of papers on inter-relationships between nutrition and toxicology and on in vitro techniques, particularly those fostering the 3 Rs. The principal aim of the journal is to publish high impact, scholarly work and to serve as a multidisciplinary forum for research in toxicology. Papers submitted will be judged on the basis of scientific originality and contribution to the field, quality and subject matter. Studies should address at least one of the following: -Adverse physiological/biochemical, or pathological changes induced by specific defined substances -New techniques for assessing potential toxicity, including molecular biology -Mechanisms underlying toxic phenomena -Toxicological examinations of specific chemicals or consumer products, both those showing adverse effects and those demonstrating safety, that meet current standards of scientific acceptability. Authors must clearly and briefly identify what novel toxic effect (s) or toxic mechanism (s) of the chemical are being reported and what their significance is in the abstract. Furthermore, sufficient doses should be included in order to provide information on NOAEL/LOAEL values.