Diversity of public attitudes regarding the impact of wind energy facilities on landscapes: A photo Q-methodology approach

Abstract

The global expansion of wind energy facilities is essential to address the climate crisis; however, it raises significant concerns regarding their impact on landscapes. Understanding public attitudes toward such changes is critical for the effective planning and deployment of these facilities. This study employs photo-based Q methodology combined with one-on-one interviews to explore diverse public perceptions of wind energy facilities across various landscape settings. Conducted between October 2022 and April 2023 with 40 participants, the study identified four distinct public attitude factors: Water Landscape-Lovers, Ultimate Naturalists, New Lifestyle Advocates, and Adherents of Aesthetic Order. Each group emphasizes unique preferences, including alignment with natural elements, suitability for pristine or human-modified spaces, and the aesthetic or functional harmony of wind energy facilities. The findings reveal that public attitudes are shaped by landscape characteristics, configuration of wind energy installations, and perceptions of aesthetics and functionality. Although experts and non-experts expressed differing views, both groups acknowledged wind energy facilities as crucial for mitigating climate change. These insights provide valuable guidance for policymakers, urban planners, and renewable energy stakeholders, emphasizing the need to integrate public preferences into wind energy deployment strategies to enhance acceptance and reduce resistance.