Optimized Pseudo Random Bit Generator in QCA Technology

IF 1.8 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Engineering reports : open access Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI:10.1002/eng2.70092

Pezhman Kiani Vosta, Mohammad Gholami, Amard Afzalian

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Abstract

Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) technology is one of the new technologies in the field of digital electronics. In this article, for the first time, some unique designs are presented in the most optimal possible state in the QCA technology. While, a proposed rising edge sensitive D-flip-flop with 28 cells and an area of $0.02 μ m^{2}$ , a four-bit and eight-bit linear feedback shift register (LFSR) with 135 and 263 cells and an area of $0.15$ and $0.36 μ m^{2}$ , respectively, as well as a four-bit shift register with reset capability with 110 cells and an area of $0.08 μ m^{2}$ . These designs have the least possible number of cells, small area, low time delay and low energy consumption. The number of cells and the occupied area of the proposed designs have improved by 35.6% and 61%, respectively, compared to different authorities. It can be said that these designs are among the newest and most optimal designs in terms of cell number, area and time delay. Also, all these designs have been simulated in the famous software QCADesigner version 2.0.3.

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量子点蜂窝自动机（QCA）技术是数字电子领域的新技术之一。本文首次以 QCA 技术的最佳状态介绍了一些独特的设计。本文提出了一个具有 28 个单元、面积为 0.02 μ m 2 $$ 0.02\upmu {\mathrm{m}}^2 $$ 的上升沿敏感 D 触发器，一个具有 135 和 263 个单元、面积分别为 0.15 $$ 0.15 $$ 和 0.15 $$ 0.15 μ m 2 $$ 的四位和八位线性反馈移位寄存器（LFSR）。36 μ m 2 $$ 0.36 \upmu {mathrm{m}}^2 $$，以及一个具有复位能力的四位移位寄存器，有 110 个单元，面积为 0.08 μ m 2 $$ 0.08 \upmu {mathrm{m}}^2 $$。这些设计具有尽可能少的单元数、小面积、低时延和低能耗。与不同的权威设计相比，所提设计的单元数和占用面积分别提高了 35.6% 和 61%。可以说，这些设计在单元数、面积和时间延迟方面都是最新和最优的设计。此外，所有这些设计都在著名软件 QCADesigner 2.0.3 版本中进行了仿真。

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