Simple synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) from lignite via controlled carbonization temperature for energy storage electrodes

IF 1.2 4区综合性期刊 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Kuwait Journal of Science Pub Date : 2025-04-05 DOI:10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100417

Wiwin Dwiana , Rini Zaqiyah , Erma Surya Yuliana , Silvi Rahmawati Wibowo , Muchammad Harly , Sunaryono Sunaryono , Tahta Amrillah , Muhammad Aziz , Nandang Mufti

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Abstract

Lignite coal was carbonized at 400 °C, 500 °C, and 600 °C to produce coalite samples, subsequently synthesized into reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using Hummer's method. The synthesized rGO was then fabricated as an electrode. This study examines how coalite carbonization temperature affects rGO synthesis as a sodium ion battery (SIB) cathode. Characterization results confirmed successful synthesis: X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed an amorphous structure with a 25° peak, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) identified key functional groups, and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) mapping recorded the highest porosity (69.19 %) in the rGO 600 sample. Electrochemical tests (galvanostatic charge-discharge, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) demonstrated superior performance in the rGO 600 sample, achieving a specific capacity of 17.85 F/g, a power density of 41.82 W/kg, and an energy density of 0.197 Wh/kg. These results indicate a positive correlation between rGO porosity and electrochemical performance, supporting rGO from coalite as a promising material for future sustainable supercapacitors.

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通过控制碳化温度从褐煤中简单合成用于储能电极的还原氧化石墨烯 (rGO)

褐煤在400°C、500°C和600°C下碳化，得到煤样，随后使用Hummer的方法合成还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）。然后将合成的氧化石墨烯制成电极。本研究考察了煤炭化温度如何影响氧化石墨烯作为钠离子电池（SIB）阴极的合成。表征结果证实了合成的成功：x射线衍射（XRD）显示为25°峰的无定形结构，傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）鉴定出关键官能团，扫描电镜-能量色散x射线（SEM-EDX）作图记录了rGO 600样品中最高的孔隙率（69.19%）。电化学测试（恒流充放电、循环伏安法和电化学阻抗谱）表明，rGO 600样品具有优异的性能，比容量为17.85 F/g，功率密度为41.82 W/kg，能量密度为0.197 Wh/kg。这些结果表明，还原氧化石墨烯的孔隙率与电化学性能呈正相关，支持煤还原氧化石墨烯作为未来可持续超级电容器的有前途的材料。

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来源期刊

Kuwait Journal of Science MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES-

CiteScore

1.60

自引率

28.60%

发文量

132

期刊介绍： Kuwait Journal of Science (KJS) is indexed and abstracted by major publishing houses such as Chemical Abstract, Science Citation Index, Current contents, Mathematics Abstract, Micribiological Abstracts etc. KJS publishes peer-review articles in various fields of Science including Mathematics, Computer Science, Physics, Statistics, Biology, Chemistry and Earth & Environmental Sciences. In addition, it also aims to bring the results of scientific research carried out under a variety of intellectual traditions and organizations to the attention of specialized scholarly readership. As such, the publisher expects the submission of original manuscripts which contain analysis and solutions about important theoretical, empirical and normative issues.