New Highly Sulfonated Polythioethers as Polyelectrolyte Membranes for Water Electrolysis

Abstract

Herein, the synthesis and characterization of highly sulfonated poly(arylene thioethers) for application as polymer electrolyte membranes in water electrolysis are reported. In a first step, poly(arylene thioethers) were obtained by using mild reaction conditions of a polycondensation reaction between 4,4′-thiobisbenzenethiol and decafluorobiphenyl. In a second step, the resulting poly(arylene thioethers) were sulfonated by a fluorothiol displacement click reaction of the fluorinated monomers by sodium 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonate. Thus, highly sulfonated polymers were obtained, resulting in water-soluble ionomers. Stable polymer electrolyte membranes with enhanced thermal and chemical stability were attained by blending ionomers with a poly(benzimidazole) derivative (PBI-OO). The resulting proton-exchange membranes (PEMs) based on the new sulfonated ionomer PBI-OO blends showed about 40% higher proton conductivity than Nafion at 90 °C. The proton-conducting membranes with the highest conductivity and best film-forming properties were applied for water electrolysis. Combined with optimized water oxidation and reduction catalysts, the selected tetra-sulfonated polymer-based PEM reached 1.784 V at 1 A cm^–2 in the electrolysis of pure water.