Giulia Molinari, Nicolas Emiliani, Laura Cercenelli, Barbara Bortolani, Rossana D'Azzeo, Arianna Burato, Livio Presutti, Gabriele Molteni, Emanuela Marcelli
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objective: To develop and preliminarily validate a 3D-printed, multi-material, patient-specific simulator of the external and middle ear affected by stapes fixation. The simulator was designed for training in endoscopic stapes surgery (SS), addressing the lack of reliable training platforms for this technically challenging procedure.
Methods: Imaging data from a CT scan of a patient were used to create a virtual 3D model of significant ear structures. The simulator consisted of a multi-use temporal bone holder and a single-use middle ear box, printed with material Jetting 3D printing technology. Eight participants to a university ear surgery course used the simulator to perform endoscopic stapes surgery. The surgical performance was evaluated using modified Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) scoring, and participant feedback was gathered through qualitative questionnaires.
Results: Seven of the eight participants successfully completed the simulated SS, with a mean surgical time of 24 min. OSATS scores showed acceptable performance, with 75% of participants achieving a score above 20. The tactile feedback, particularly for the stapes fixation, was well received, although the chorda tympani was deemed too fragile. The simulator was highly valued for visuomotor coordination development.
Conclusions: The 3D Stapes Trainer represents a promising platform for training in endoscopic SS. Despite its limitations, the model provided young surgeons with a valuable platform to gain confidence in the steps of endoscopic SS, offering a high-fidelity simulation that contributes to the development of the technical skills required in this demanding procedure.
期刊介绍：
The Laryngoscope has been the leading source of information on advances in the diagnosis and treatment of head and neck disorders since 1890. The Laryngoscope is the first choice among otolaryngologists for publication of their important findings and techniques. Each monthly issue of The Laryngoscope features peer-reviewed medical, clinical, and research contributions in general otolaryngology, allergy/rhinology, otology/neurotology, laryngology/bronchoesophagology, head and neck surgery, sleep medicine, pediatric otolaryngology, facial plastics and reconstructive surgery, oncology, and communicative disorders. Contributions include papers and posters presented at the Annual and Section Meetings of the Triological Society, as well as independent papers, "How I Do It", "Triological Best Practice" articles, and contemporary reviews. Theses authored by the Triological Society’s new Fellows as well as papers presented at meetings of the American Laryngological Association are published in The Laryngoscope.
• Broncho-esophagology
• Communicative disorders
• Head and neck surgery
• Plastic and reconstructive facial surgery
• Oncology
• Speech and hearing defects
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