{"title":"Physical exercise and children's resilience: mediating roles of self-efficacy and emotional intelligence.","authors":"Caixia Jiang, Kun Wang, Hao Qin","doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1491262","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to examine the inner relationship between children's physical exercise, self-efficacy, emotional intelligence, and resilience, and explore effective ways to promote the improvement of children's resilience.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using measurement tools such as the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), the Chinese version of the Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS), and the Adolescents Resilience Scale, we conducted a questionnaire survey was conducted among 700 primary school students in 4 primary schools. The SPSS 22.0 software was used to process and analyze the data, including correlation analysis, regression analysis, and Bootstrap analysis, and AMOS 21.0 software was used to establish a structural equation model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>(1) Physical exercise has a significant positive correlation with self-efficacy (<i>r</i> = 0.29, <i>p</i> < 0.001), emotional intelligence (<i>r</i> = 0.32, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and resilience (<i>r</i> = 0.37, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and there is also a significant positive correlation between emotional intelligence and resilience (<i>r</i> = 0.30, <i>p</i> < 0.001). (2) Physical exercise can directly and positively predict children's resilience (β1 = 0.38) and its five sub-dimensions, that is, physical exercise can positively predict goal concentration (<i>β</i> = 0.35, <i>p</i> < 0.001), emotional control (<i>β</i> = 0.29, <i>p</i> < 0.001), positive cognition (<i>β</i> = 0.20, <i>p</i> < 0.01), family support (<i>β</i> = 0.33, <i>p</i> < 0.001), interpersonal assistance (<i>β</i> = 0.31, <i>p</i> < 0.001), respectively. (3) Self-efficacy (SE = 0.10) and emotional intelligence (SE = 0.08) have partial mediating effects, respectively, on the relationship between physical exercise and resilience, and the chain mediation effect of self-efficacy and emotional intelligence also reaches a significant level (SE = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Physical exercise can have a positive impact on children's resilience through self-efficacy and emotional intelligence, so schools or parents should attach importance to children's physical activities, which is an effective way to improve their resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":12525,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1491262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968682/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Frontiers in Psychology","FirstCategoryId":"102","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1491262","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to examine the inner relationship between children's physical exercise, self-efficacy, emotional intelligence, and resilience, and explore effective ways to promote the improvement of children's resilience.
Methods: Using measurement tools such as the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), the Chinese version of the Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS), and the Adolescents Resilience Scale, we conducted a questionnaire survey was conducted among 700 primary school students in 4 primary schools. The SPSS 22.0 software was used to process and analyze the data, including correlation analysis, regression analysis, and Bootstrap analysis, and AMOS 21.0 software was used to establish a structural equation model.
Results: (1) Physical exercise has a significant positive correlation with self-efficacy (r = 0.29, p < 0.001), emotional intelligence (r = 0.32, p < 0.001), and resilience (r = 0.37, p < 0.001), and there is also a significant positive correlation between emotional intelligence and resilience (r = 0.30, p < 0.001). (2) Physical exercise can directly and positively predict children's resilience (β1 = 0.38) and its five sub-dimensions, that is, physical exercise can positively predict goal concentration (β = 0.35, p < 0.001), emotional control (β = 0.29, p < 0.001), positive cognition (β = 0.20, p < 0.01), family support (β = 0.33, p < 0.001), interpersonal assistance (β = 0.31, p < 0.001), respectively. (3) Self-efficacy (SE = 0.10) and emotional intelligence (SE = 0.08) have partial mediating effects, respectively, on the relationship between physical exercise and resilience, and the chain mediation effect of self-efficacy and emotional intelligence also reaches a significant level (SE = 0.02).
Conclusion: Physical exercise can have a positive impact on children's resilience through self-efficacy and emotional intelligence, so schools or parents should attach importance to children's physical activities, which is an effective way to improve their resilience.
期刊介绍：
Frontiers in Psychology is the largest journal in its field, publishing rigorously peer-reviewed research across the psychological sciences, from clinical research to cognitive science, from perception to consciousness, from imaging studies to human factors, and from animal cognition to social psychology. Field Chief Editor Axel Cleeremans at the Free University of Brussels is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international researchers. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics, clinicians and the public worldwide. The journal publishes the best research across the entire field of psychology. Today, psychological science is becoming increasingly important at all levels of society, from the treatment of clinical disorders to our basic understanding of how the mind works. It is highly interdisciplinary, borrowing questions from philosophy, methods from neuroscience and insights from clinical practice - all in the goal of furthering our grasp of human nature and society, as well as our ability to develop new intervention methods.
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