Habitat and connectivity-based conservation strategies for the vulnerable Lorestan newt (Neurergus kaiseri) in the Zagros Mountains, Iran

Abstract

The Lorestan newt (Neurergus kaiseri) is a vulnerable amphibian endemic to the Zagros Mountains in Iran. This study aimed to identify core habitats, assess potential dispersal corridors, and evaluate the effectiveness of current conservation efforts. Ensemble species distribution models predicted suitable habitat across the newt's range, with annual precipitation and temperature as the most influential factors. Connectivity simulations revealed critical core habitats, primarily concentrated in the northwestern region, that spanned 2,233.43 km², none of which fell within designated protected areas. Corridor analysis identified viable dispersal pathways between northern and southern populations, but only 2.77% of the corridor network was protected. Roads and dams frequently intersected putative corridors, posing significant fragmentation threats. These results underscore the urgent need for expanded conservation efforts, including the establishment of new protected areas and measures to mitigate habitat fragmentation, to ensure the connectivity and long-term viability of Lorestan newt populations. Our findings provide valuable insights to guide future conservation strategies for this endangered species.