{"title":"Magnetic Ru catalyst in Heck, Suzuki, and Sonagashira C–C coupling reactions","authors":"Hadieh Rahbar Kafshboran, Soheila Ghasemi","doi":"10.1007/s11051-025-06296-0","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A thermo-responsive ruthenium catalyst was developed by grafting poly (<i>N</i>-isopropyl acrylamide) on silica-modified iron oxide nanoparticle core–shell (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@Si) through free-radical polymerization process. The amino-functionalized support was obtained by exposing it to ethylenediamine. Further, the as-prepared compound was treated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), followed by embellishment with Ru NPs to form a well-organized heterogeneous catalytic structure (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@Si-modified PNIPAAm-Ru). This unique system exhibits several remarkable features, including a broad distribution of catalytic sites, exceptional thermal stability, and the utilization of environmentally friendly solvents. Additionally, it offers significant features like easy separation and recyclability of the catalyst waste. Various characterization methods proved catalyst structure properly. The catalyst demonstrated a remarkable role in the carbon–carbon cross-coupling transformations of Sonogashira-Hagihara, Suzuki–Miyaura, and Mizoroki–Heck using different aryl halides under TBAB, copper, and amine-free conditions. One key advantage of this catalytic system is its ability to be reused for a minimum of 8 repetitions without any considerable decline in activity, structural changes, or leaching.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11051-025-06296-0","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
A thermo-responsive ruthenium catalyst was developed by grafting poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide) on silica-modified iron oxide nanoparticle core–shell (Fe3O4@Si) through free-radical polymerization process. The amino-functionalized support was obtained by exposing it to ethylenediamine. Further, the as-prepared compound was treated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), followed by embellishment with Ru NPs to form a well-organized heterogeneous catalytic structure (Fe3O4@Si-modified PNIPAAm-Ru). This unique system exhibits several remarkable features, including a broad distribution of catalytic sites, exceptional thermal stability, and the utilization of environmentally friendly solvents. Additionally, it offers significant features like easy separation and recyclability of the catalyst waste. Various characterization methods proved catalyst structure properly. The catalyst demonstrated a remarkable role in the carbon–carbon cross-coupling transformations of Sonogashira-Hagihara, Suzuki–Miyaura, and Mizoroki–Heck using different aryl halides under TBAB, copper, and amine-free conditions. One key advantage of this catalytic system is its ability to be reused for a minimum of 8 repetitions without any considerable decline in activity, structural changes, or leaching.
期刊介绍：
The objective of the Journal of Nanoparticle Research is to disseminate knowledge of the physical, chemical and biological phenomena and processes in structures that have at least one lengthscale ranging from molecular to approximately 100 nm (or submicron in some situations), and exhibit improved and novel properties that are a direct result of their small size.
Nanoparticle research is a key component of nanoscience, nanoengineering and nanotechnology.
The focus of the Journal is on the specific concepts, properties, phenomena, and processes related to particles, tubes, layers, macromolecules, clusters and other finite structures of the nanoscale size range. Synthesis, assembly, transport, reactivity, and stability of such structures are considered. Development of in-situ and ex-situ instrumentation for characterization of nanoparticles and their interfaces should be based on new principles for probing properties and phenomena not well understood at the nanometer scale. Modeling and simulation may include atom-based quantum mechanics; molecular dynamics; single-particle, multi-body and continuum based models; fractals; other methods suitable for modeling particle synthesis, assembling and interaction processes. Realization and application of systems, structures and devices with novel functions obtained via precursor nanoparticles is emphasized. Approaches may include gas-, liquid-, solid-, and vacuum-based processes, size reduction, chemical- and bio-self assembly. Contributions include utilization of nanoparticle systems for enhancing a phenomenon or process and particle assembling into hierarchical structures, as well as formulation and the administration of drugs. Synergistic approaches originating from different disciplines and technologies, and interaction between the research providers and users in this field, are encouraged.
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