Bridging the nanoscale: Exploring quantum dot architectures on nanosheets and nanotubes for efficient hydrogen production

Abstract

As we delve into the nanoscale realm, exploring nanostructures has unveiled a fascinating interplay between morphology and function. The intricate architecture of nanomaterials plays a vital role in determining their optical and electronic properties. 0-, 1- and 2-dimensional materials each possess unique features that arise from quantum confinement effects, distinct surface-to-volume ratios and other dimensional restrictions that influence their nanoscale behaviour. This offers a powerful tool for designing advanced catalysts with optimized performance. The global community's intensified commitment to decarbonization and transition toward sustainable energy systems has made carbon-neutral green hydrogen fuels a pivotal focus of innovation and investment. The strategic design of catalysts is crucial for optimizing water-splitting processes. We present a comprehensive review of the latest advancements in tailoring the structure and performance of nanotubes and nanosheets by forming heterojunctions with quantum dots, exploring their synergistic effects and exciting potential for efficient and sustainable hydrogen production. The fundamental need, diverse approaches and mechanistic aspects of water splitting are addressed herein. Further, the future challenges and opportunities in catalyst design for hydrogen evolution are explored. This state-of-the-art review offers insights into the development of highly efficient, specifically engineered catalysts for hydrogen production.