Evaluating raw bio-oil from wood chip pyrolysis as a diesel substitute: Combustion and emissions performance

IF 5.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Journal of The Energy Institute Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI:10.1016/j.joei.2025.102078

Yue Yu , Deqing Mei , Zhixiang Yan , Cheng Wang , Pei Feng , Ning Wei

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Abstract

Pyrolysis Biomass oil (Bio-oil) has disadvantages such as high water content, high corrosion, and high viscosity, so it is necessary to improve the quality of bio-pyrolysis oil. Via catalytic esterification combined with alkylation, pyrolysis bio-oil was upgraded. Bio-oil blends were prepared by mixing 5 %, 10 %, and 15 % volume of the upgraded bio-oil with diesel, respectively, and their combustion and emission performances were assessed in a practical diesel engine. The results showed that after the refining process from crude bio-oil to refined bio-oil, the acids mass fraction decreased from 12.0 % to 1.8 % and the esters mass fraction increased from 0.5 % to 9.6 %, the aldehydes and ketones mass fraction decreased from 22.3 % to 4.4 %, and the ethers mass fraction increased from 0.7 % to 37.8 %. At the same load, increasing the ratio of the upgraded fuel led to a gradual deterioration in the equivalent specific fuel consumption as well as the brake thermal efficiency. In addition, the ignition timing was advanced, and the ignition delay was shortened. The heat release rate and cylinder pressure peak in the initial combustion stage decreased, in turn, while the heat release rate and cylinder pressure peak in the main combustion stage increased. At BMEP = 0.23 MPa of 1800 rpm, the brake thermal efficiency was reduced by 2.1 %, 4.2 %, and 7.0 %, respectively, while at high load conditions, the reduction in brake thermal efficiency of mixed fuel tended to level off. At low loads, due to the small fuel amount injected per cycle, the low temperature in the cylinder inhibited the further oxidation of hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO), and fewer nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and soot were generated as well. Therefore, compared with that at high loads, there was no significant difference in NO_x and particulate matter (PM) emissions between various fuels, while an obvious difference in HC and CO emissions was found.

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评价从木屑热解作为柴油替代品的生生物油：燃烧和排放性能

热解生物质油（Bio-oil）具有高含水量、高腐蚀性、高粘度等缺点，因此有必要提高生物热解油的质量。通过催化酯化与烷基化相结合，对热解生物油进行了升级。分别以5%、10%和15%体积的生物油与柴油混合制备生物油混合物，并在实际柴油机上对其燃烧和排放性能进行了评价。结果表明，从粗生物油精制成精生物油后，酸类质量分数由12.0%下降到1.8%，酯类质量分数由0.5%提高到9.6%，醛类和酮类质量分数由22.3%下降到4.4%，醚类质量分数由0.7%提高到37.8%。在相同负荷下，增加升级燃料的比例导致等效比油耗和制动热效率逐渐恶化。同时，提前了点火正时，缩短了点火延迟。初始燃烧阶段的放热速率和缸压峰值依次减小，主燃烧阶段的放热速率和缸压峰值依次增大。当BMEP = 0.23 MPa / 1800 rpm时，混合燃料的制动热效率分别降低2.1%、4.2%和7.0%，而在高负荷工况下，混合燃料的制动热效率降低趋于平稳。在低负荷时，由于每循环注入的燃料量较小，气缸内的低温抑制了碳氢化合物（HC）和一氧化碳（CO）的进一步氧化，氮氧化物（NOx）和煤烟的生成也较少。因此，与高负荷时相比，不同燃料间NOx和PM排放差异不显著，HC和CO排放差异明显。

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来源期刊

Journal of The Energy Institute 工程技术-能源与燃料

CiteScore

10.60

自引率

5.30%

发文量

166

审稿时长

16 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of the Energy Institute provides peer reviewed coverage of original high quality research on energy, engineering and technology.The coverage is broad and the main areas of interest include: Combustion engineering and associated technologies; process heating; power generation; engines and propulsion; emissions and environmental pollution control; clean coal technologies; carbon abatement technologies Emissions and environmental pollution control; safety and hazards; Clean coal technologies; carbon abatement technologies, including carbon capture and storage, CCS; Petroleum engineering and fuel quality, including storage and transport Alternative energy sources; biomass utilisation and biomass conversion technologies; energy from waste, incineration and recycling Energy conversion, energy recovery and energy efficiency; space heating, fuel cells, heat pumps and cooling systems Energy storage The journal''s coverage reflects changes in energy technology that result from the transition to more efficient energy production and end use together with reduced carbon emission.