Mechanisms and potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes for treating radiation-induced intestinal injury

Extracellular vesicle Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI:10.1016/j.vesic.2025.100078

Tong An , Daqin Li , Ning Wang , Feifei Ma , Tuo Li , Ningning He , Huijuan Song , Qiang Liu

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Abstract

Radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII) is a prevalent complication of radiotherapy for abdominal and pelvic tumors, characterized by acute and chronic damage to intestinal tissues. Current treatments are primarily symptomatic, lacking effective targeted therapies. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), due to their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties, and their derived exosomes, have emerged as promising therapeutic options for RIII. MSC-derived exosomes exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and tissue-repairing properties, modulating immune responses and promoting intestinal barrier restoration. Engineering of exosomes further enhances their targeting and therapeutic efficiency. This review discusses the mechanisms and therapeutic potential of MSC-derived and engineered exosomes for RIII, emphasizing their role in reducing inflammation, promoting tissue repair, and maintaining microbial balance, while addressing future challenges and prospects for clinical translation.

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间充质干细胞来源的外泌体治疗辐射诱导的肠道损伤的机制和潜力

辐射诱发的肠道损伤（RIII）是腹腔和盆腔肿瘤放疗的常见并发症，其特点是急性和慢性肠道组织损伤。目前的治疗主要是对症治疗，缺乏有效的靶向治疗。间充质干细胞（MSCs）由于其免疫调节和再生特性及其衍生的外泌体，已成为RIII的有希望的治疗选择。骨髓间质干细胞衍生的外泌体具有抗炎、抗氧化和组织修复的特性，可以调节免疫反应并促进肠道屏障的修复。外泌体的工程化进一步提高了它们的靶向性和治疗效率。本文讨论了骨髓间质干细胞衍生和工程化外泌体治疗RIII的机制和治疗潜力，强调了它们在减少炎症、促进组织修复和维持微生物平衡方面的作用，同时提出了未来的挑战和临床转化的前景。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Extracellular vesicle Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (General)

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审稿时长

43 days